Downhole Applications of Magnetic Sensors

Gooneratne, Chinthaka P.; Moellendick, Timothy

doi:10.3390/s17102384

Cited by 42 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…There are solutions based on MEMS technologies [6]. Fluxgate magnetometers and NMR sensors for drilling navigation are also used to solve certain problems [7]. Each technology has its advantages and disadvantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Transfer Characteristics of a Molecular Electronic Sensor for Borehole Surveys at High Temperatures and Pressures

Evseev

Zaitsev

Agafonov

2019

Sensors

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The paper considers the development and experimental study of the characteristics of a high-temperature motion parameter sensor based on molecular-electronic technology (MET) operating at elevated pressures. Studies were conducted in an extended temperature range (25–125 °C) with a static external pressure of up to 10 atm. A pilot plant based on a high-pressure chamber with the ability to output an electrical signal was specially designed and commissioned. A family of amplitude-frequency characteristics of a ME sensor in an extended temperature range was obtained for the first time. A theoretical model was constructed and verified to describe the transfer function of the sensor at high temperatures and pressures. The activation energies of active carriers were calculated, and a prediction was made about the possibility of using the developed devices for the needs of the oil and gas mining industries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Transfer Characteristics of a Molecular Electronic Sensor for Borehole Surveys at High Temperatures and Pressures

Evseev

Zaitsev

Agafonov

2019

Sensors

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“…To obtain accurate results using SLF, we assume that at least one sensor does not suffer from the disturbances. The gyroscopes and accelerometers cannot avoid the effects of the shocks since they are mounted on a rigid body, but the magnetometers are not sensitive to shocks [39]. Moreover, the distrance D between the two magnetometers reduces the effect of magnetic disturbances.…”

Section: Lab-scale Evaluation and Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if IMU A is affected by a magnetic disturbance, but IMU B is not, the magnetometer in IMU A will not agree with the measurements from IMU A , while all measurements from IMU B will be in agreement. In the event of a shock event, the gyroscopes in both IMU A and IMU B will be affected, but disagreement between sensor measurements can still be used to compute the errors in the signals because the magnetometers are less affected by shocks, and therefore, will have more accurate measurements [39]. Calculation of the weights of W ANFIS1 .…”

Section: ) Slf Logicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Fusion by a Supervised Learning Method for Orientation Estimation Using Multi-Sensor Configuration Under Conditions of Magnetic Distortion and Shock Impact

2020

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Accurate subsurface sensing during directional drilling is critical in the mining and energy extraction industries. One challenge is to measure the azimuth accurately. Azimuth measurements are hindered by magnetic disturbances such as iron debris, especially when magnetometers are used. Moreover, gyroscopes are susceptible to shocks during drilling surveys. To overcome these challenges, we developed a supervised learning filter (SLF) using a multi-sensor configuration (MSC) to accurately estimate the azimuth. The MSC consists of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) based magnetometers, gyroscopes, and accelerometers into two set of sensors, and the groups are separated by a known distance D to acquire additional rotational information using a dual acceleration difference (DAD) method. Also, D can reduce the negative effect of magnetic disturbances. A Kalman filter (KF) with known a priori noise information removes white noise; however, it is difficult to deal with unknown magnetic and shock disturbances. To reduce the effect of unknown magnetic and shock disturbances, we use the SLF to estimate orientation information. First, the SLF employs an adaptive neuro network fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to build error models of each sensor; then the SLF calculates the proper weights of the sensors using the error models. Lab-scale experiments are performed on a test rig where the SLF is evaluated using one case with training and verified using two cases without training. The results showed an improvement in azimuth estimation.

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“…Considering the crucial problems of environmental pollution from air and wastewater [11,12], chemical sensing and pollutant absorbent are surely important for the detection of noxious gases, such as CO 2 [11]. Iron-based materials, such as iron oxides [12,13,14] are used as magnetic gas sensors in different applications [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Carbide@Carbon Nanocomposites: A Tool Box of Functional Materials

et al. 2019

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Iron carbide (Fe3C) is a ceramic magnetic material with high potential for applications in different fields, including catalysis, medicine imaging, coatings, and sensors. Despite its interesting properties, it is still somehow largely unexplored, probably due to challenging synthetic conditions. In this contribution, we present a sol-gel-based method that allows preparing different Fe3C@C nanocomposites with tailored properties for specific applications, in particular, we have focused on and discussed potential uses for adsorption of noxious gas and waste removal. Nanocomposites were prepared using readily available and “green” sources, such as urea, simple and complex sugars, and chitosan. The nanocomposite prepared from chitosan was found to be more efficient for CO2 uptake, while the sample synthetized from cellulose had optimal capability for dye absorption and waste oil removal from water.

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Downhole Applications of Magnetic Sensors

Cited by 42 publications

References 124 publications

Study of Transfer Characteristics of a Molecular Electronic Sensor for Borehole Surveys at High Temperatures and Pressures

Study of Transfer Characteristics of a Molecular Electronic Sensor for Borehole Surveys at High Temperatures and Pressures

Data Fusion by a Supervised Learning Method for Orientation Estimation Using Multi-Sensor Configuration Under Conditions of Magnetic Distortion and Shock Impact

Iron Carbide@Carbon Nanocomposites: A Tool Box of Functional Materials

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