Downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway in RAW 264.7 cells by Alpinia galanga reveals its beneficial effects in inflammation

George, Genu; Shyni, G. L.; Abraham, Billu; Nisha, P.; Raghu, Kozhiparambil Gopalan

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2021.114132

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Ethyl-cinnamate and ethyl-p-methoxy-cinnamate are considered potent anti-inflammatory constituents of K. galanga oil that significantly inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines such as COX-1, COX-2, IL-1, and TNF-α [ 42 ]. A previous study reported that hydro-alcoholic root extract of Alpinia galanga downregulates the release of pro-inflammatory mediators and vital enzymes of inflammation that stimulate the release of anti-inflammatory intermediaries in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells [ 43 ]. To validate that the decrease in NO production was not due to the death of the RAW 264.6 cells exposed to the K. galanga rhizome oil, K. galanga oil microemulsion, and blank microemulsion, a cell viability test was carried out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation

Chittasupho

Ditsri

Singh

et al. 2022

Gels

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Long-term UV radiation exposure can induce skin disorders such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. Natural products have been considered as non-irritate and potential sunscreen resources due to their UV absorption and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ultraviolet radiation protective effect and anti-inflammatory activity of K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsions. The chemical components of K. galanga rhizome oil was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing K. galanga rhizome oil were formulated using a phase-titration method. The microemulsion was characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, using a dynamic light-scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsion were evaluated via a dynamic light scattering technique and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The UV protection of K. galanga rhizome oil and its microemulsion were investigated using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. The protective effect of K. galanga rhizome oil against LPS-induced inflammation was investigated via MTT and nitric oxide inhibitory assays. In addition, a hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed, stored for 90 days at 4, 30, and 45 °C, and characterized for viscosity, rheology, and pH. The chemical degradation of the main active compound in the microemulsion was analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The formulated O/W microemulsion contained a high loading efficiency (101.24 ± 2.08%) of K. galanga rhizome oil, suggesting a successful delivery system of the oil. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of the microemulsion were optimized and found to be stable when stored at 4, 30, and 45 °C. K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsion demonstrated moderate sun protective activity and reduced the nitric oxide production induced by LPS in macrophage cells, indicating that microemulsion containing K. galanga rhizome oil may help protect human skin from UV damage and inflammation. A hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed as a topical preparation. The hydrogel showed good physical stability after heating and cooling cycles and long-term storage (3 months) at 4 °C. The use of K. galanga rhizome oil as a natural sun-protective substance may provide a protective effect against inflammation on the skin. K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was successfully incorporated into the hydrogel and has the potential to be used as a topical sunscreen preparation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation

Chittasupho

Ditsri

Singh

et al. 2022

Gels

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“…LPS, a glycolipid present on the surface of Gram-negative bacteria, is recognized as an inflammatory agent [ 33 ]. The proinflammatory factors secreted by RAW264.7 cells, such as IL-1 β , IL-6, and TNF- α , increased significantly when stimulated by LPS [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fibrous Root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Its Immune Enhancement Effect in Vivo and in Vitro

Huang

Wang

Zong

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. The fibrous roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (FRAAB) are byproducts of the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Some studies have revealed secondary metabolic small molecules in FRAAB, but there are few reports on the polysaccharides of FRAAB (PFRAAB). Aim of the Study. The present study aimed to investigate the preliminary characterization and underlying mechanism of immune stimulation of PFRAAB. Materials and Methods. The crude polysaccharide of FRAAB was obtained by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and PFRAAB was purified by a diethylaminoethyl-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatographic column and graphene dialysis membrane. The preliminary characterization of PFRAAB was studied by ultraviolet (UV) scanning and Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection (FTIR). The molecular weight and composition of PFRAAB were analysed by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The immune stimulation of PFRAAB was investigated by using cyclophosphamide- (CCP-) treated mice and RAW264.7 cells. Results. A water-soluble PFRAAB was obtained with a molecular weight of 115 kDa and was mainly composed of arabinose (ara), galactose (gal), glucose (glc), and mannose (man). Compared with CCP-induced mice, PFRAAB significantly ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01 ) increased the spleen and thymus index, ameliorated injury to the spleen and thymus, and evaluated immunoglobulin levels. In addition, PFRAAB also increased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells and upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myd88, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) P65, p–NF–κB P65, IKB-α, and p-IKB-α. Conclusion. PFRAAB possesses immune stimulation activity and can be used as a potential resource for immune-enhancing drugs. Our present study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive development of Anemarrhena asphodeloides medicinal plant resources.

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“…Ficus dalhousiae [41,42] Whole plant Alloxan and Streptozotocin induced Creteva magna [43,44] Arial parts Alloxan and Streptozotocin induced Alpinia galangal [45,46] Roots and rhizomes…”

Section: Plant Name Part Used Antidiabetic Activity Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase Enzyme by Polyherbal Dip Tea in Diabetes

F.P¹,

Quazi²,

I.P³

et al. 2022

IGJPS

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The presentstudy aims to preparenovel polyherbal formulations in aunique and accessible tea bag form and also analysesthe antidiabetic potentials in vitro.Material and method:The formulation wasmade from Ichnocarpus frutescens(IC), Ficusdalhousiae (FD),Cretevamagna (CM),Alpiniagalanga (AG)andSwertiachirata (SC)herbs andused in this study. Indian medicinal plants i.e.,polyherbalwere subjected to progressivephytochemical analysis and testswere carried outfor the determination of α-amylase inhibitionactivity.The Phytochemical analysis revealedthepresence of Alkaloids,Tannins,Anthraquinone, Flavonoids,Saponinand reducing sugar, as the active compounds. The tea infusions of the aforementioned plants were prepared in differentformulations like F1, F2, F3, and F4. The formulations weretested for antidiabetic activity in vitro through the inhibition of alpha-glycosidase.Results: TheF3 (91.6%) and F4 (92.7%) showedthehigher inhibition data againstporcine pancreatic α-amylase among the Fourformulations. The minimum% alpha-amylase inhibition was recordedin F2 (90.4%)amongthe medicinalactiveplants studied.Conclusion: Hyperglycaemia level is reducedvia a controllable condition of starch breakdown through pancreaticα-amylase inhibitors.Best results were obtained by the infusion containing The F2 formulation which showed significant antidiabetic activity.©2022iGlobal Research and PublishingFoundation. All rights reserved.

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Downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/p38MAPK and JAK/STAT pathway in RAW 264.7 cells by Alpinia galanga reveals its beneficial effects in inflammation

Cited by 21 publications

References 46 publications

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation

A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fibrous Root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Its Immune Enhancement Effect in Vivo and in Vitro

In vitro Inhibitory Effect on Alpha Amylase Enzyme by Polyherbal Dip Tea in Diabetes

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