Downscaling of wave climate in the western Black Sea

Temporal Variation of the Wave Energy Flux in Hotspot Areas of the Black Sea

“…Before presenting the results, some results are here first given regarding the model performance. The detailed results on model development, calibration, and validation can be found in Bingölbali et al [13]. Model results are evaluated using standard error statistics which include; bias (BIAS), used for the detection of systematic errors, mean absolute error (MAE) used for measuring accuracy of the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) which estimates variance, the scatter index (SI) which measures relative errors.…”

“…The data needed to conduct this study were produced in a project realized by Akpınar et al [14] whereas Bingölbali et al [13] presented detailed information on model development, calibration, and validation, as well as initial results. Settings for the calibrated model from which the data used in this study were sourced as follows: Third generation version 41.01AB SWAN model [15] in nonstationary mode and nesting process.…”

“…Discretization of the directional wave variance density spectrum was conducted with 36 directional bins and 30 frequency bins distributed between 0.04 Hz and 1.0 Hz logarithmically. Based on model development and calibration results in our previous study [13] various wind growth and whitecapping formulation settings were used in each grid for computations of source terms in the model. SWAN model was calibrated based on the whitecapping coefficient in each grid domain using the measurements at the buoy stations remaining in the grid domains.…”

“…These tests showed that only the choice of a certain time step leads to improved model performance (lower error and higher correlation). Therefore, in each domain, different time steps were used as shown in Bingölbali et al [13]. In all grids, in the nesting procedure, all other source terms were kept as the default in our wave model computations because they have no obvious effect.…”

“…As can be seen from the literature review presented above, the southwestern coasts of the Black Sea can be considered as hotspot areas or high-energy areas (Figure 1). Therefore, in this study, we determined temporal variations of wave energy potential in these hotspot areas using the dataset produced based on a calibrated telescoping nested SWAN model developed by Bingölbali et al [13].…”