Downward migration of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in soils in Poland and Sweden

Matisoff, Gerald; Ketterer, Michael E.; Rosén, Klas; Mietelski, Jerzy W.; Vitko, Lauren F.; Persson, Henning; Łokas, Edyta

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.11.007

Cited by 54 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…During the Chernobyl accident, most released radionuclides were deposited in the local area, some fraction of volatile radionuclides dispersed and deposited in the Europe, and very small amount of radionuclides dispersed to other regions12812353637. The inventory of 137 Cs in the soil core DL-01 has been estimated to be 1.7 kBq/m 2 32 which was more than 10 times lower than that in Germany (20 ~ 40 kBq/m 2 )37, while no measurable Chernobyl-derived Pu in the soil from west Europe has been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium in Soils from Northeast China and Its Potential Application for Evaluation of Soil Erosion

Qiao

Hou

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Surface and soil core samples from northeast China were analyzed for Pu isotopes. The measured 240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios and 239 + 240Pu/137Cs activity ratios revealed that the global fallout is the dominant source of Pu and 137Cs at these sites. Migration behavior of Pu varying with land type and human activities resulted in different distribution of Pu in surface soils. A sub-surface maximum followed by exponential decline of 239 + 240Pu concentrations was observed in an undisturbed soil core, with a total 239 + 240Pu inventory of 86.9 Bq/m2 and more than 85% accumulated in 0 ~ 20 cm layers. While only half inventory of Pu was obtained in another soil core and no sub-surface maximum value occurred. Erosion of topsoil in the site should be the most possible reason for the significantly lower Pu inventory, which is also supported by the reported 137Cs profiles. These results demonstrated that Pu could be applied as an ideal substitute of 137Cs for soil erosion study in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plutonium in Soils from Northeast China and Its Potential Application for Evaluation of Soil Erosion

Qiao

Hou

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…. A previous study performed on a nearby peat bog (Matisoff et al 2011) revealed that Chernobyl fallout was greater than the average global fallout from the 1960s.…”

Section: Bulk Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Age-Depth Model of a Peat Bog in Poland as an Important Basis for Paleoenvironmental Studies

et al. 2014

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ABSTRACT. This article focuses on constructing a high-resolution age-depth model for the Puścizna Mała peat bog located in Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin (S Poland). The chronology was established on the basis of both 210 Pb and 14 C measurements, and further confirmed by pollen diagrams and the peat bulk composition (density, ash content, and measurements of C, N, S). The 137 Cs profile revealed significant downward migration of this radionuclide and was not suitable for geochronological interpretation. The peat profile in southern Poland records almost 2000 yr of paleoecological and geochemical changes. Major historical events linked to anthropogenic and climatic changes are recorded in the investigated proxies, which confirm the reliability of the age-depth model. Specifically, the Roman period, Migration period, Medieval times, as well as the Industrial Revolution are reflected in the palynology and bulk composition of the peat. However, dating results obtained for the core segment between 22-45 cm are problematic when confronted with other analyses. The highest peat accumulation rate of 2 mm yr -1 (AD 1300-1400 according to the age-depth model) is not compatible with the section of the highest peat decomposition revealed by lithological description. Moreover, the onset of a drastic decline of forests reflected in the palynological data and dated to AD 1280-1340 (40 cm) is difficult to explain in the light of historical data. Therefore, the lithology, bulk density, and pollen were used to validate the obtained age-depth model. External forcing factors on the peat formation process may be indicated, including agricultural activity, water-level fluctuations, and natural climatic factors, which paradoxically caused doubling of the obtained peat accumulation rate.

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“…The fate of 137 Cs deposited on the soil surface is controlled by several factors including its original form, solute transport (Matisoff et al, 2011), colloidal transport, fixation in the interlayer sites of clay minerals (Cremers et al, 1988), bioturbation (Müller-Lemans andvan Dorp, 1996;Tyler et al, 2001;Jarvis et al, 2010) and preferential flow (Bundt et al, 2000). A laboratory study with intact soil cores from six organic soils from Scotland showed migration rates (calculated from the formula of Arapis et al (1997)) over a period of 22 months were between 1.74 and 3.16 cm y À1 , values which appear considerably greater than found in our field experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Downward migration of radiocaesium in organic soils across a transect in Scotland

Shand

Rosén

Thored

et al. 2013

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Downward migration of Chernobyl-derived radionuclides in soils in Poland and Sweden

Cited by 54 publications

References 68 publications

Plutonium in Soils from Northeast China and Its Potential Application for Evaluation of Soil Erosion

Plutonium in Soils from Northeast China and Its Potential Application for Evaluation of Soil Erosion

High-Resolution Age-Depth Model of a Peat Bog in Poland as an Important Basis for Paleoenvironmental Studies

Downward migration of radiocaesium in organic soils across a transect in Scotland

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