Downy mildew of boysenberry and tummelberry in the UK

McKEOWN, B.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02075.x

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, typical foliar symptoms such as those detected in boysenberry and blackberry, are only expressed in cv. Pima (McKeown, 1988;Hall, 1989;Lindqvist et al, 1998;Kokko et al, 1999). In this work, more information was obtained about the correlation between symptom expression and the extent of infection using the real-time PCR method developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P. rubi) causes downy mildew disease in Rubus and Rosa species (Hall, 1989;Breese et al, 1994), resulting in the ÔdryberryÕ disease and severe yield losses in Rubus plants such as blackberry (Rubus fruticosus), boysenberry (Rubus spp. hybrid) and arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus subspecies arcticus) (Tate, 1981;McKeown, 1988;Hall, 1989;Lindqvist et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) in Rubus species using real-time PCR

et al. 2006

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Downy mildew disease caused by Peronospora sparsa, also known as ÔdryberryÕ disease, is a serious threat to the cultivation of arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) and boysenberry (Rubus spp. hybrid). A quantitative and sensitive screening method is necessary for the breeding of downy mildew resistant cultivars and for determining efficient disease control methods. A quantitative real-time PCR method using SYBR Ò Green I fluorescent dye was developed for the analysis of P. sparsa in arctic bramble, other Rubus species and roses. Primers were designed to amplify a P. sparsa specific 94-bp fragment from the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) and a 140-bp fragment from a conserved region of plant 5.8S ribosomal DNA, which served as an internal control in the samples. Linear amplification from genomic DNA and control plasmids was achieved with both primers, and even 37 fg of P. sparsa conidial DNA was detected. In the samples collected from the field, quantities as low as 0.2 ppm of P. sparsa DNA in plant DNA were detected, thus enabling the diagnosis of weak and latent infections. Arctic bramble cvs Pima, Mespi and Mesma, all showing distinct foliar symptoms, were tested to assess the relative amount of downy mildew DNA present. The symptoms and the amount of P. sparsa DNA detected correlated only in cv. Pima, indicating that visual inspection of symptoms is not a reliable method for assessing the extent of tissue infection. The number of conidiophores of P. sparsa on in vitro inoculated leaves of two arctic bramble cultivars correlated with the results obtained by real-time PCR.Abbreviations: bp -base pair; Ct -threshold cycle; ITS -internal transcribed spacer; rDNA -ribosomal DNA

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) in Rubus species using real-time PCR

et al. 2006

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“…Markets for the fruits are stable or increasing, but the cultivation areas have remained small due to widely occurring downy mildew disease caused by Peronospora sparsa Berk. The disease initially appears as reddish, angular, sporulating lesions on the leaves of Rubus plants, but the most severe consequence is the drying of immature fruits, which causes high annual fluctuation in yields (Lindqvist et al ., 1998; McKeown, 1988). None of the present arctic bramble cultivars is completely resistant to the disease, although differences between cultivars exist (Hukkanen et al ., 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzothiadiazole affects the leaf proteome in arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus)

Hukkanen

Kokko

Buchala

et al. 2008

Molecular Plant Pathology

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SUMMARYBenzothiadiazole (BTH) induces resistance to the downy mildew pathogen, Peronospora sparsa, in arctic bramble, but the basis for the BTH-induced resistance is unknown. Arctic bramble cv. Mespi was treated with BTH to study the changes in leaf proteome and to identify proteins with a putative role in disease resistance. First, BTH induced strong expression of one PR-1 protein isoform, which was also induced by salicylic acid (SA). The PR-1 was responsive to BTH and exogenous SA despite a high endogenous SA content (20-25 μg/g fresh weight), which increased to an even higher level after treatment with BTH. Secondly, a total of 792 protein spots were detected in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, eight proteins being detected solely in the BTHtreated plants. BTH caused up-or down-regulation of 72 and 31 proteins, respectively, of which 18 were tentatively identified by mass spectrometry. The up-regulation of flavanone-3-hydroxylase, alanine aminotransferase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase, PR-1 and PR-10 proteins may partly explain the BTHinduced resistance against P. sparsa. Other proteins with changes in intensity appear to be involved in, for example, energy metabolism and protein processing. The decline in ATP synthase, triosephosphate isomerase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase and glutamine synthetase suggests that BTH causes significant changes in primary metabolism, which provides one possible explanation for the decreased vegetative growth of foliage and rhizome observed in BTH-treated plants.

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“…Of the diseases which cause serious leaf infection in Rubus, yellow rust and powdery mildew are the only ones to receive attention in resistance breeding, but recent attacks by a downy mildew on raspberries, blackberries and related hybrid fruits in the UK and North America (McKeown, 1988 ;Wallis et al ., 1989 ;Breese et al ., 1991) have raised awareness of the potential of this disease which was hitherto thought to be commercially significant only in New Zealand and South Africa . Of the diseases which cause serious leaf infection in Rubus, yellow rust and powdery mildew are the only ones to receive attention in resistance breeding, but recent attacks by a downy mildew on raspberries, blackberries and related hybrid fruits in the UK and North America (McKeown, 1988 ;Wallis et al ., 1989 ;Breese et al ., 1991) have raised awareness of the potential of this disease which was hitherto thought to be commercially significant only in New Zealand and South Africa .…”

Section: Diseases That Cause Mainly Leaf Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance to cane and foliar diseases in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and related species

Williamson¹,

Jennings

1992

Euphytica

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Several types of resistance to fungal pathogens of cane fruits have been identified by controlled infection procedures and incorporated into the UK Rubus breeding programme . These are reviewed with a description of the biology of the pathogens involved . Some of them take the form of a mechanical barrier associated with the position and rate of development of suberised periderms . For example, damage to the deep-seated cane polyderm occurs when Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (cane blight) infects the phloem and xylem, but forms of resistance which restrict the expansion of these vascular lesions have been found .Wound periderms, which form rapidly around natural splits in the primary cortex, play an important role in resistance of some genotypes to midge blight (Resseliella theobaldi and its associated fungal pathogens) .However, they are less effective against Elsinoe veneta (cane spot) which attacks canes early in cane differentiation before functional periderms have arisen . Other resistances are associated with distinctive morphological traits, most notably cane pubescence . This character is controlled by gene H and is associated with useful resistance to Botrytis cinerea (cane botrytis) and Didymella applanata (spur blight), but has the disadvantage that it is associated with increased susceptibility to E. veneta, Sphaerotheca macularis (powdery mildew) and Phragmidium rubi-idaei (raspberry yellow rust) . These associations present a dilemma for breeders, but other sources of resistance to these pathogens have been identified that are strong enough to overcome this disadvantage .From studies of inheritance it is concluded that a major gene determines one form of resistance to Phragmidium rubi-idaei and that three major genes determine resistance to S . macularis . Minor genes acting additively determine all the other resistances, though major genes may be involved in cane resistance to Botrytis cinerea and resistance to Elsinoe veneta, which were inherited without diminution over several generations . In two instances a common resistance to two diseases was discovered .

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Downy mildew of boysenberry and tummelberry in the UK

Cited by 16 publications

References 2 publications

Quantification of downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) in Rubus species using real-time PCR

Quantification of downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) in Rubus species using real-time PCR

Benzothiadiazole affects the leaf proteome in arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus)

Resistance to cane and foliar diseases in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and related species

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