Doxorubicin-Fe(III)-Gossypol Infinite Coordination Polymer@PDA:CuO₂ Composite Nanoparticles for Cost-Effective Programmed Photothermal-Chemodynamic-Coordinated Dual Drug Chemotherapy Trimodal Synergistic Tumor Therapy

Abstract

To achieve the maximum therapeutic effects and minimize adverse effects of trimodal synergistic tumor therapies, a cost-effective programmed photothermal (PTT)chemodynamic (CDT)-coordinated dual drug chemotherapy (CT) trimodal synergistic therapy strategy in chronological order is proposed. According to the status or volumes of the tumors, the intensity and time of each therapeutic modality are optimized, and three modalities are combined programmatically and work in chronological order. The optimal synergistic therapy begins with high-intensity PTT for 10 min to ablate larger tumors, followed by medium-intensity CDT for several hours to eliminate medium-sized tumors, and then low-intensity coordinated dual drugs CT lasts over 48 h to clear smaller residual tumors. Composite nanoparticles, made of Fe-coordinated polydopamine mixed with copper peroxide as the cores and their surface dotted with lots of doxorubicin-Fe(III)-gossypol infinite coordination polymers (ICPs), have been developed to implement the strategy. These composite nanoparticles show excellent synergistic effects with the minimum dose of therapeutic agents and result in nearly 100% tumor inhibition for mice bearing PC-3 tumors and no observed recurrence within 60 days of treatment. The ratios of the different therapeutic agents in the composite nanoparticles can be adjusted to accommodate different types of tumors with this cost-effective programmed trimodal therapy strategy.

Biocompatible Copper-Based Nanocomposites for Combined Cancer Therapy

“…92 Furthermore, CDT-induced GSH depletion and ROS burst can also increase the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs, magnifying the efficacy of chemotherapy. 93 Therefore, PTT, PDT, and CDT have been widely used to assist traditional cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy and radiotherapy) in multimodal combinations, including PTT− PDT-chemotherapy, 94 PTT-CDT-chemotherapy, 95 PDT-CDT-chemotherapy, 96 PTT−PDT-radiotherapy, 3 etc. Xu et al integrated CuS NP, black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets, and the chemotherapeutic drug DOX through mesoporous SiO 2coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), to develop a smart nanoplatform (B/USCs-PEG-DOX) that combined PTT, PDT, chemotherapy, and bioimaging.…”

Polydopamine-Coated Self-Assembled Lipid Nanoparticles for Highly Effective Chemo–Photothermal Combination Therapy

“…22 Therefore, a variety of combination therapy strategies have been designed to overcome the shortcomings of single therapy, 23 such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, 24,25 immunotherapy 26,27 and so on. 28 Among them, the common combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy, 29 such as photothermal therapy or photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy, 30 has been widely studied because it is less invasive and less harmful to normal tissues. 31,32 with photodynamic therapy, which can cause a high level of reactive oxygen species and produce toxic side effects for a long time, 33−35 photothermal therapy has been widely studied for its small toxic side effects and high specificity.…”

“…Therefore, a variety of combination therapy strategies have been designed to overcome the shortcomings of single therapy, such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, , immunotherapy , and so on . Among them, the common combination of phototherapy and chemotherapy, such as photothermal therapy or photodynamic therapy combined with chemotherapy, has been widely studied because it is less invasive and less harmful to normal tissues. , Compared with photodynamic therapy, which can cause a high level of reactive oxygen species and produce toxic side effects for a long time, − photothermal therapy has been widely studied for its small toxic side effects and high specificity. , More importantly, photothermal reagent has excellent photothermal properties, which can be used to kill tumor cells directly, stimulate immunogenic cell death, and promote cell uptake by photothermal effect . Polydopamine (PDA) is a melanin-like nanomaterial with strong near-infrared absorption and high photothermal conversion efficiency, while showing excellent biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity .…”

Carbon dot-modified controllable drug delivery system for sonodynamic/chemotherapy of tumors

“…Combined therapy can achieve higher treatment efficiency and lower body toxicity with smaller doses of therapeutic drugs than a single treatment method. 2 Currently, various combination therapies are available. According to different tumor microenvironments (TMEs), such as lower pH, 3 higher glutathione (GSH), 4–6 and excessive expression of folic acid receptors in cancer cells, 7,8 these characteristics have also been applied in combination therapy to achieve effects that cannot be achieved by a single treatment method.…”