DP‐155, a Lecithin Derivative of Indomethacin, is a Novel Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug for Analgesia and Alzheimer's Disease Therapy

Abstract

DP-155 is a lipid prodrug of indomethacin that comprises the latter conjugated to lecithin at position sn-2 via a 5-carbon length linker. It is cleaved by phospholipase A 2 (PLA) 2 to a greater extent than similar compounds with linkers of 2, 3, and 4 carbons. Indomethacin is the principal metabolite of DP-155 in rat serum and, after DP-155 oral administration, the half-life of the metabolite was 22 and 93 h in serum and brain, respectively, compared to 10 and 24 h following indomethacin administration. The brain to serum ratio was 3.5 times higher for DP-155 than for indomethacin. In vitro studies demonstrated that DP-155 is a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor. After it is cleaved, its indomethacin derivative nonselectively inhibits both COX-1 and -2. DP-155 showed a better toxicity profile probably due to the sustained, low serum levels and reduced maximal concentration of its indomethacin metabolite. DP-155 did not produce gastric toxicity at the highest acute dose tested (0.28 mmol/kg), while indomethacin caused gastric ulcers at a dose 33-fold lower. Furthermore, after repeated oral dosing, gastrointestinal and renal toxicity was lower (10-and 5-fold, respectively) and delayed with DP-155 compared to indomethacin. In addition to reduced toxicity, DP-155 had similar ameliorative effects to * Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Eran Dvir, DVM, MMedVet (Med), Dipl. ECVIM-CA (Internal DP-155 a Lecithin Derivative of Indomethacin 261indomethacin in antipyretic and analgesia models. Moreover, DP-155 and indomethacin were equally efficacious in reducing levels of amyloid ß (Aß)42 in transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse (Tg2576) brains as well as reducing Aß42 intracellular uptake, neurodegeneration, and inflammation in an in vitro AD model. The relatively high brain levels of indomethacin after DP-155 administration explain the equal efficacy of DP-155 despite its low systemic blood concentrations. Compared to indomethacin, the favored safety profile and equal efficacy of DP-155 establish the compound as a potential candidate for chronic use to treat AD-related pathology and for analgesia.

Phospholipids and Lipid-Based Formulations in Oral Drug Delivery

“…The use of a phosphatidylcholine-conjugate as a prodrug for indomethacin (DP-155) was considered for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by Dvir et al (19,20). Indomethacin was associated with phosphatidylcholine at the sn2 position via a linker and hence selectively acts as a COX-2 inhibitor.…”

Amorphous drug dispersions with mono- and diacyl lecithin: On molecular categorization of their feasibility and UV dissolution imaging

“…A special type of delivery system is given by drug-phospholipid complexes. The phospholipid is here interacting with functional groups of the drug but not in a covalent way, which would otherwise be a conjugate or pro-drug (Dvir et al, 2007;Dahan et al, 2008). The complexation degree of the drug with the phospholipid is expected to be compound and lipid specific.…”

Information Exploration System for Sickle Cell Disease and Repurposing of Hydroxyfasudil

“…This generation of hypotheses is known as ‘Text-Based Knowledge Discovery’ or ‘Literature Based Discovery (LBD)’ [9]. For example, Smalheiser and Swanson used text mining to correctly infer a link between Alzheimer’s disease and indomethacin, with the phrases ‘Indomethacin decreases plasma membrane fluidity in various cell types’ and ‘membrane fluidity is elevated in some patients with AD’, with ‘membrane fluidity’ being the connecting concept [9], [10]. Wren et al .…”