Untitled

Abstract

Context: Aqueous extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has a high rutin content. Rutin has benefits as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidiabetic. The plant extract has low bioavailability and has a large molecular weight. Therefore, a carrier system like niosomes is required to allow aqueous leaves extract of cassava through to absorb in the body. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variation concentration of Span 40 that can trap aqueous extract of cassava leaves in niosomes optimally. Materials and Methods: Niosomes were done by thin-layer hydration method with concentration of Span 40 which was varied into three formulas: Formula A (100 μmol), Formula B (150 μmol), and Formula C (200 μmol). Statistical Analysis Used: The data analysis using SPSS analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: The rutin contained in cassava leaves of this research is 42.52%. Entrapment efficiency test used dialysis membrane method and the result showed that the increased concentration of Span 40 is used; the entrapment efficiency is also increasing. The result of SPSS test using one-way ANOVA of three formulas did not show significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Optimum concentration of Span 40 in trapping aqueous extract of cassava leaves is Formula A (100 μmol) which was 95.9%.

Ethanolic Extract Propolis-Loaded Niosomes Diminish Phospholipase B1, Biofilm Formation, and Intracellular Replication of Cryptococcus neoformans in Macrophages

“…In other works, it was reported that similar components produced from TW80 and CHOL were at 70% EE [40] and from SP60 and CHOL were at 71.29% EE [24]. Differences in the efficiency of drug encapsulation may depend on several factors, such as 3D chemical structure, hydrophilicity, the ratio of surfactant, and the structure of the surfactant [48,49]. In addition, the CHOL distributed between the lipid bilayer enhances encapsulation due to its membrane-stabilizing effect and the prevention of drug leakage [47,50].…”