“…Ultrasound acoustic standing waves are used to generate two nonlinear acoustophoretic forces for manipulation of fluids and particles inside microfluidic systems (Czyż, 1987a;1987b;Lewandowski, 1992;Wiklund et al, 2012;Włoch et al, 2019). The acoustic radiation force tends to focus particles on the nodal or anti-nodal plane of the acoustic standing waves (Doinikov, 1997;Gor'kov, 1962;King, 1934;Yosioka, Kawasima, 1955) while the Stokes drag force of the acoustic streaming velocity field tends to defocus and spread out the suspended particles (Nyborg, 1953;1958;Rayleigh, 1884; Schlichting, Gersten, 2017).…”