Draft genomes of four enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) clinical isolates from China and Bangladesh

Liu, Fei; Yang, Xi; Wang, Zhiyun; Nicklasson, Matilda; Qadri, Firdausi; Yao, Yi; Zhu, Yezi; Lv, Na; Li, Jing; Zhang, Ruifen; Guo, Huijuan; Zhu, Baoli; Sjöling, Åsa; Hu, Yongfei

doi:10.1186/s13099-015-0059-z

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Although the expression levels were not significantly changed in this study, the findings are confirmed by our previous work [8]. Genome analysis showed that both strains also express additional virulence genes: cexE, clyA, eatA, ecpA, and fimH [18]. These genes were not significantly changed.…”

Section: Expression Of Etec Virulence Factors Is Slightly Higher During Exponential Growthsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…The ETEC strains E1777 and E2265 (LT STh/CS5+CS6), both isolated from adult patients with watery diarrhea in Dhaka Bangladesh in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were used in this study [12,48]. The whole-genome sequences of the two strains are available [18], including a complete assembled chromosome and two plasmids of 142 and 78 kbp, respectively, for E2265 [11,48]. Bacteria from frozen stock vials were grown on blood plates, and 10 colonies were picked and grown under shaking conditions in 10 ml of LB medium to OD600 = 0.8 (10 9 bacteria/ml) to be used as a starting culture.…”

Section: Strains Growth Conditions and Bacterial Enumerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli display a distinct growth phase before entry into stationary phase with shifts in tryptophan- fucose- and putrescine metabolism and degradation of neurotransmitter precursors

Joffré

Xiao

Correia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in children and adults in endemic areas. Gene regulation of ETEC during growth in vitro and in vivo needs to be further evaluated, and here we describe the full transcriptome and metabolome of ETEC during growth from mid-logarithmic growth to stationary phase in rich medium (LB medium). We identified specific genes and pathways subjected to rapid transient alterations in gene expression and metabolite production during the transition between logarithmic to stationary growth. The transient phase during late exponential growth is different from the subsequent induction of stationary phase-induced genes, including stress and survival responses as described earlier. The transient phase was characterized by the repression of genes and metabolites involved in organic substance transport. Genes involved in fucose and putrescine metabolism were upregulated, and genes involved in iron transport were repressed. Expression of toxins and colonization factors were not changed, suggesting retained virulence. Metabolomic analyses showed that the transient phase was characterized by a drop of intracellular amino acids, e.g., L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, and L-glutamic acid, followed by increased levels at induction of stationary phase. A pathway enrichment analysis of the entire transcriptome and metabolome showed activation of pathways involved in the degradation of neurotransmitters aminobutyrate (GABA) and precursors of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). This work provides a comprehensive framework for further studies on transcriptional and metabolic regulation in pathogenic E. coli.ImportanceWe show that E. coli, exemplified by the pathogenic subspecies enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), undergoes a stepwise transcriptional and metabolic transition into the stationary phase. At a specific entry point, E. coli induces activation and repression of specific pathways. This leads to a rapid decrease of intracellular levels of L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, and L-glutamic acid due to metabolism into secondary compounds. The resulting metabolic activity leads to an intense but short peak of indole production, suggesting that this is the previously described “indole peak,” rapid decrease of intermediate molecules of bacterial neurotransmitters, increased putrescine and fucose uptake, increased glutathione levels, and decreased iron uptake. This specific transient shift in gene expression and metabolomics is short-lived and disappears when bacteria enter the stationary phase. We suggest it mainly prepares bacteria for ceased growth, but the pathways involved suggest that this transient phase substantially influences survival and virulence.

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Section: Expression Of Etec Virulence Factors Is Slightly Higher During Exponential Growthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Strains Growth Conditions and Bacterial Enumerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli display a distinct growth phase before entry into stationary phase with shifts in tryptophan- fucose- and putrescine metabolism and degradation of neurotransmitter precursors

Joffré

Xiao

Correia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…The clinical ETEC isolates E1777 and E2265, which both express the CS5 and CS6 colonization factors and the LT and STh enterotoxins, were used for transcriptomic and proteomic analyses (Supplementary Table S3). The strains were isolated from stool samples from adults with acute diarrheal disease at the hospital of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research (icddr,b) in Dhaka, Bangladesh, in April 2005 and March 2006, respectively 17,66 . The toxin profile was determined with ELISA and PCR, and the colonization factor profile was determined with dot-blot assays for various CFs 25 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxin profile was determined with ELISA and PCR, and the colonization factor profile was determined with dot-blot assays for various CFs 25 . Both strains have been sequenced and belong to the global phylogenetic lineage L5 and are multilocus sequence type 443 37,66 . Clinical isolates from the University of Gothenburg ETEC collection were used for additional studies of gene expression and cell adhesion (Supplementary Table S3).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bile salt glycocholate induces global changes in gene and protein expression and activates virulence in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Joffré

Nicklasson

Álvarez-Carretero

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Pathogenic bacteria use specific host factors to modulate virulence and stress responses during infection. We found previously that the host factor bile and the bile component glyco-conjugated cholate (NaGCH, sodium glycocholate) upregulate the colonization factor CS5 in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). To further understand the global regulatory effects of bile and NaGCH, we performed Illumina RNA-Seq and found that crude bile and NaGCH altered the expression of 61 genes in CS5 + CS6 ETEC isolates. The most striking finding was high induction of the CS5 operon (csfA-F), its putative transcription factor csvR, and the putative ETEC virulence factor cexE. iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS proteomic analyses verified induction of the plasmid-borne virulence proteins CS5 and CexE and also showed that NaGCH affected the expression of bacterial membrane proteins. Furthermore, NaGCH induced bacteria to aggregate, increased their adherence to epithelial cells, and reduced their motility. Our results indicate that CS5 + CS6 ETEC use NaGCH present in the small intestine as a signal to initiate colonization of the epithelium.

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“…In contrast, using ResFinder, no acquired resistance genes were found for E2265 (sample 5), while ARG-annot confirmed chromosome-bound ampicillin resistance by ampC (see Table S4 in the supplemental material). This isolate has been described previously ( 43 , 44 ). Regarding the ETEC strains found as coinfecting pathogens, E2266 (sample 9) and E2267 (sample 16) harbored four and three antibiotic resistance genes each, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Analyses Directly in Diarrheal Stool Reveal Large Variations in Bacterial Load and Active Toxin Expression of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae

Begum

Rydberg

Thorell

et al. 2018

mSphere

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The cause of diarrheal disease is usually determined by screening for several microorganisms by various methods, and sole detection is used to assign the agent as the cause of disease. However, it has become increasingly clear that many infections are caused by coinfections with several pathogens and that the dose of the infecting pathogen is important. We quantified the absolute numbers of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Vibrio cholerae directly in diarrheal fluid. We noted several events where both pathogens were found but also a large dose dependency. In three samples, we found ETEC as the only pathogen sought for. These isolates belonged to globally distributed ETEC clones and were the dominating species in stool with active toxin expression. This suggests that certain superior virulent ETEC lineages are able to outcompete the gut microbiota and be the sole cause of disease and hence need to be specifically monitored.

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Draft genomes of four enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) clinical isolates from China and Bangladesh

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli display a distinct growth phase before entry into stationary phase with shifts in tryptophan- fucose- and putrescine metabolism and degradation of neurotransmitter precursors

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli display a distinct growth phase before entry into stationary phase with shifts in tryptophan- fucose- and putrescine metabolism and degradation of neurotransmitter precursors

The bile salt glycocholate induces global changes in gene and protein expression and activates virulence in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

In Situ Analyses Directly in Diarrheal Stool Reveal Large Variations in Bacterial Load and Active Toxin Expression of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae

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