Draft reports from the <scp>UK</scp>'s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition and World Health Organization concur in endorsing the dietary guideline to restrict intake of saturated fat

Antoni, R.; Griffin, Bruce A.

doi:10.1111/nbu.12333

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One of the key mechanistic links between SFA and CVD is the impact of SFA in raising serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, this response displays a high degree of inter-individual variation ( 1 ) . The R eading, I mperial, S urrey S aturated fat C holesterol I ntervention (RISSCI) study has been designed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms underlying this variation in LDL-C response.…”

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confidence: 99%

A dietary exchange model to study inter-individual variation in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat intake

et al. 2019

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A current dietary recommendation to reduce of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is to decrease intake of dietary saturated fatty acids (SFA) to 10 % total energy. One of the key mechanistic links between SFA and CVD is the impact of SFA in raising serum lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, this response displays a high degree of inter-individual variation (1). The Reading, Imperial, Surrey Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention (RISSCI) study has been designed to investigate the metabolic mechanisms underlying this variation in LDL-C response. A dietary exchange model has been developed for the RISSCI study to deliver diets with a high (18 % total energy) and lower (≤ 10 % total energy) content of SFA by its replacement with polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), to reproduce the variation in LDL-C observed in human intervention studies. This abstract presents interim data as evidence for the efficacy of this dietary exchange model. Data from twenty healthy male participants (51 ± 10 y; 24 ± 3 kg/m 2) recruited at the Universities of Surrey and Reading were included in this interim analysis. A dietary exchange model using exchangeable sources of dietary fat (butter/spreads, oils, dairy foods and snacks)-equating to 40 g/d of fat-was devised for the two 4-week dietary interventions: a high (18 %), followed sequentially by a low (≤10 %) SFA diet. Dietary intakes were assessed at baseline and in the final week of the two dietary intervention periods using 4-day food diaries. Data were analysed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with the Holm procedure used to correct for multiple pairwise comparisons. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Dietary compositional targets were broadly met (Table), with significantly higher SFA intakes and trends in favour of lower PUFA and MUFA intakes, during the high SFA diet compared to the low SFA diet. There were no other significant differences between the two intervention diets in total energy or other macronutrient intakes. Our initial findings indicate the flexible dietary exchange model was successful in substituting SFA with unsaturated fatty acids in free-living men. This exchange model will be used subsequently in the RISSCI study, to investigate the mechanisms underlying the inter-individual variation in LDL-C response to SFA.

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confidence: 99%

A dietary exchange model to study inter-individual variation in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat intake

et al. 2019

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“…This mirrors recommendations in other countries and regions of the world [31][32][33]. However, some criticisms on the continued support for such recommendations note that such policies are based on evidence from total dietary saturated fat intake, and may have not considered the source of fat, whereby the food source, or matrix may in fact have a differing influence on metabolism and subsequently, health [41,42]. In addition, different food sources contain different types and amounts of SFA, and the continued promotion of an overall <10% total dietary energy recommendation may be perceived to overlook this [41,42].…”

Section: Dairy Fat and Health -Changing Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 67%

Dairy Consumption and Metabolic Health

Timon

O'Connor

Bhargava

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Milk and dairy foods are naturally rich sources of a wide range of nutrients, and when consumed according to recommended intakes contribute essential nutrients across all stages of the life cycle. Since then, seminal studies recommendations with respect to intake of saturated fat have been consistent and clear; limit total fat intake to 30% or less total dietary energy, with a specific recommendation for intake of saturated fat to less than 10% of total dietary energy. However, recent work has re-opened the debate on intake of saturated fat in particular, with suggestions that recommended intakes be considered not at a total fat intake within the diet, but at a food specific level. A large body of evidence exists examining the impact of dairy consumption on markers of metabolic health, both at a total dairy intake and also at a food level, with mixed findings to date, but suggests that the impact of saturated fat intake on health differs both across food groups and even between foods within the same good group such as dairy. Milk and dairy foods contain a range of nutrients and bioactive components in different levels, housed within very different food structures. The interaction of the overall food structure and the nutrients describes the concept of the ‘food matrix effect’ which has been well documented for dairy foods. Studies show that nutrients from different dairy food sources can have different effects on health and for this reason, they should be considered individually rather than grouped as a single food category in epidemiological research. This review examines the current evidence from randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses, with respect to dairy, milk, yoghurt and cheese on aspects of metabolic health, and summarises some of the potential mechanisms for these findings.

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“…Similarly, 98•8 % of the G-FB scenario adhered to the PUFA (≥6 %TE) recommendation compared with 94•0 and 93•7 % in the GC-FB and C-FB scenarios, respectively (P < 0•001). Increased adherence to the SFA recommendation has been reported over the previous decade (8) , potentially as a result of increased availability of low-fat dairy products or product reformulation (42) and reducing SFA contributions by replacement with PUFA (43) . The current predictive modelling scenario suggests that consumption of grass-fed beef may further contribute to reducing population SFA intakes to the desired ≤10 %TE while retaining population intakes of red meat within consumption guidelines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modelling approach to investigate the impact of consumption of three different beef compositions on human dietary fat intakes

Lenighan

Nugent

Moloney

et al. 2019

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To apply a dietary modelling approach to investigate the impact of substituting beef intakes with three types of alternative fatty acid (FA) composition of beef on population dietary fat intakes. Design: Cross-sectional, national food consumption survey – the National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS). The fat content of the beef-containing food codes (n 52) and recipes (n 99) were updated with FA composition data from beef from animals receiving one of three ruminant dietary interventions: grass-fed (GRASS), grass finished on grass silage and concentrates (GSC) or concentrate-fed (CONC). Mean daily fat intakes, adherence to dietary guidelines and the impact of altering beef FA composition on dietary fat sources were characterised. Setting: Ireland. Participants: Beef consumers (n 1044) aged 18–90 years. Results: Grass-based feeding practices improved dietary intakes of a number of individual FA, wherein myristic acid (C14 : 0) and palmitic acid (C16 : 0) were decreased, with an increase in conjugated linoleic acid (C18 : 2c9,t11) and trans-vaccenic acid (C18 : 1t11; P < 0·05). Improved adherence with dietary recommendations for total fat (98·5 %), SFA (57·4 %) and PUFA (98·8 %) was observed in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001). Trans-fat intakes were increased significantly in the grass-fed beef scenario (P < 0·001). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to characterise the impact of grass-fed beef consumption at population level. The study suggests that habitual consumption of grass-fed beef may have potential as a public health strategy to improve dietary fat quality.

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Draft reports from the UK's Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition and World Health Organization concur in endorsing the dietary guideline to restrict intake of saturated fat

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

A dietary exchange model to study inter-individual variation in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat intake

A dietary exchange model to study inter-individual variation in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol response to dietary saturated fat intake

Dairy Consumption and Metabolic Health

A modelling approach to investigate the impact of consumption of three different beef compositions on human dietary fat intakes

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