Dragons fly, biologists classify: an overview of molecular odonate studies, and our evolutionary understanding of dragonfly and damselfly (Insecta: Odonata) behavior

Ballare, Elizabeth F; Ware, Jessica L.

doi:10.1080/13887890.2011.579538

Cited by 25 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…To optimize sampling breadth versus phylogenetic depth, our approach targeted two variable mitochondrial markers [16S, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI)] and a more conserved nuclear one (28S) for many species, rather than more markers for a limited selection. These are among the most commonly applied markers in Odonata and generally provide well resolved and supported trees, at least from species to family level (Hasegawa & Kasuya, ; Ballare & Ware, ). Moreover, a relatively long section of 28S was sequenced and the combined total extent of 28S + 16S is comparable (84–145%) to several studies with three or more markers (Ware et al , ; Bybee et al , ; Pilgrim & von Dohlen, ; Fleck et al , ,b) and 75% of two studies using four nuclear markers only (Dumont et al , , ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)

Dijkstra

Kalkman

Dow

et al. 2013

Systematic Entomology

212

207

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Abstract. An extensive molecular phylogenetic reconstruction of the suborder Zygoptera of the Odonata is presented, based on mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear (28S) data of 59% of the 310 genera recognized and all (suspected) families except the monotypic Hemiphlebiidae. A partial reclassification is proposed, incorporating morphological characters. Many traditional families are recovered as monophyletic,

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)

Dijkstra

Kalkman

Dow

et al. 2013

Systematic Entomology

212

207

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“…For Odonata, whose phylogenetic relationships are morphologically mainly based on wing characters (Trueman, ; Rehn, ; Bybee et al ., ), there is evidence that these characters exhibit a high amount of convergence (Fleck et al ., ; Ballare & Ware, ; Blanke et al ., ). Wing vein configuration may be the result of flight requirements (Wootton, , ) instead of common ancestry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy ofEpiophlebia superstes(Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)

2015

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The exclusive use of characters coding for specific life stages may bias tree reconstruction. If characters from several life stages are coded, the type of coding becomes important. Here, we simulate the influence on tree reconstruction of morphological characters of Odonata larvae incorporated into a data matrix based on the adult body under different coding schemes. For testing purposes, our analysis is focused on a well-supported hypothesis: the relationships of the suborders Zygoptera, 'Anisozygoptera', and Anisoptera. We studied the cephalic morphology of Epiophlebia, a key taxon among Odonata, and compared it with representatives of Zygoptera and Anisoptera in order to complement the data matrix. Odonate larvae are characterized by a peculiar morphology, such as the specific head form, mouthpart configuration, ridge configuration, cephalic musculature, and leg and gill morphology. Four coding strategies were used to incorporate the larval data: artificial coding (AC), treating larvae as independent terminal taxa; non-multistate coding (NMC), preferring the adult life stage; multistate coding (MC); and coding larval and adult characters separately (SC) within the same taxon. As expected, larvae are 'monophyletic' in the AC strategy, but with anisopteran and zygopteran larvae as sister groups. Excluding larvae in the NMC approach leads to strong support for both monophyletic Odonata and Epiprocta, whereas MC erodes phylogenetic signal completely. This is an obvious result of the larval morphology leading to many multistate characters. SC results in the strongest support for Odonata, and Epiprocta receives the same support as with NMC. Our results show the deleterious effects of larval morphology on tree reconstruction when multistate coding is applied. Coding larval characters separately is still the best approach in a phylogenetic framework.

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“…All morphological data matrices used in formal cladistic analyses of odonatan relationships are largely dependent on characters of wing venation and articulation (Trueman, ; von Ellenrieder, ; Rehn, ; Ballare & Ware, ) which have also been used in a combined molecular and morphological approach (Bybee et al ., ). The last comprehensive account on odonate phylogeny derived 81 out of 153 characters (53%) from wing venation or wing articulation (Rehn, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated phylogeny of Anisoptera including formal convergence analysis of morphological characters

Blanke

Greve

Mokso

et al. 2013

Systematic Entomology

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Family interrelationships among Anisoptera (dragonflies) are unresolved. Molecular markers applied thus far have not been particularly useful for resolving relationships at the family level. Previous morphological studies have depended heavily on characters of wing venation and articulation which are believed to display considerable degrees of homoplasy due to adaptations to different flight modes. Here, we present a comprehensive anatomical dataset of the head morphology of Anisoptera focusing on muscle organization and endoskeletal features covering nearly all families. The characters are illustrated in detail and incorporated into an updated morphological character matrix covering all parts of the dragonfly body. Phylogenetic analysis recovers all families as monophyletic clades except Corduliidae, Gomphidae as sister group to all remaining Anisoptera, and Austropetaliidae as sister group to Aeshnidae (=Aeshnoidea). The position of Petaluridae and Aeshnoidea to each other could not be resolved. Libelluloidea is monophyletic with Neopetalia and Cordulegastridae as first splits. Chlorogomphidae is sister to monophyletic [Synthemistidae + (‘Corduliidae’ + Libellulidae)]. In addition, we applied a recently published formal approach to detect concerted convergence in morphological data matrices and uncover possible homoplasies. Analyses show that especially head and thorax characters may harbour homoplasies. After exclusion of possible homoplastic characters, Gomphidae is corroborated as sister group to all remaining Anisoptera.

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Dragons fly, biologists classify: an overview of molecular odonate studies, and our evolutionary understanding of dragonfly and damselfly (Insecta: Odonata) behavior

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)

Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata)

Coding characters from different life stages for phylogenetic reconstruction: a case study on dragonfly adults and larvae, including a description of the larval head anatomy ofEpiophlebia superstes(Odonata: Epiophlebiidae)

An updated phylogeny of Anisoptera including formal convergence analysis of morphological characters

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