Drainage Network System of Sekaran Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City

Abstract

Drainage functions to drain, deplete, remove or transport water. Generally, drainage is defined as a series of water facility used to reduce and/or remove excess water from an area or land, so that the land can be functioned optimally. Drainage is also realized as an effort to control the quality of groundwater in relation to salinity. The case study was carried on in Sekaran Village, Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The area size of Sekaran Village is 6,21 km². According to the writing method, the author used tools and materials required in this research. The tools used were a roll meter and Arcmap software as a medium for data-processing, and the materials taken was data regarding information about the condition of Sekaran Village in the extent of topographic maps, rainfall data. The method of data calculation used manual calculations in accordance with the rational method to figure out the rain discharge, and the manning formula for channel flowrate. The numbers of design rainfall for 5 years and 10 years was 169,365 mm and 171,502 mm; while the design discharge with return period of 5 and 10 years, for example, in channel 1 was branch 1 was of 0,6772 m³/s and the main channel was 5,7910 m³/s; The economic channel dimensions for the main channels 1 and 4 were the base width B = 1,596 m ≈ 1.6 m and the water height h = 0,796 m ≈ 8 0,8 m, the cross section was square.

The abundance of soil mesofauna and macrofauna at different altitudes in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park

“…Soil macrofauna plays a role in the decomposition of organic matter by breaking down dead vegetable substances into simpler materials that are removed in the form of manure called humus material [32]. Meanwhile, the mesofauna plays a role in improving soil conditions through decreasing bulk density, mixing soil particles, and decomposition of residual organic matter [33,34]. The most commonly found orders include Hymenoptera, Collembola, Haplotaxida, Geophilomorpha, and Blattodea.…”

“…The order Collembola includes the mesofauna because it measures about <4 mm. Esophageal organisms, including Collembola, can indicate soil quality because it is a soil fauna that is more representative and sensitive to changes in soil physical, biological, and chemical [34]. Soil mesofauna live in groups and have a higher level of activity [32].…”