“…The proportion of patients with duodenal/papillary invasion and surgically altered anatomy ranged from 0% to 91% [20,24] and 0% [20,25,26,27] to 70% [28], respectively. The rate of patients with hilar stenosis was highly variable (0% [27,29,30,31,32,33,34] to 100% [20,25,26,35,36]). The transgastric approach was used exclusively in 24 studies, whereas the use of this approach ranged from 80% [21] to 97% [37] in the other studies; one study used only the transduodenal approach [38].…”