Drainage of undulating sandy soils with high groundwater tables

Ernst, L.F.

doi:10.1016/0022-1694(78)90112-9

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In relatively flat lowland catchments with dynamic and shallow groundwater levels, A q,i has been observed to change considerably over time (Ernst, 1978;Wriedt et al, 2007;De Vries, 1995). This is a combined effect of groundwater tables that lose contact with surface water or tube drains during dry periods (compare the wet and dry state in Fig.…”

Section: The Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catchment-scale non-linear groundwater-surface water interactions in densely drained lowland catchments

Velde

Rooij

Torfs

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Freely discharging lowland catchments are characterized by a strongly seasonal contracting and expanding system of discharging streams and ditches. Due to this rapidly changing active channel network, discharge and solute transport cannot be modeled by a single characteristic travel path, travel time distribution, unit hydrograph, or linear reservoir. We propose a systematic spatial averaging approach to derive catchment-scale storage and discharge from point-scale water balances. The effects of spatial heterogeneity in soil properties, vegetation, and drainage network are lumped and described by a relation between groundwater storage and the spatial probability distribution of groundwater depths with measurable parameters. The model describes how, in lowland catchments, the catchment-scale flux from groundwater to surface water via various flow routes is affected by a changing active channel network, the unsaturated zone and surface ponding. We used observations of groundwater levels and catchment discharge of a 6.6 km 2 Dutch watershed in combination with a high-resolution spatially distributed hydrological model to test the model approach. Good results were obtained when modeling hourly discharges for a period of eight years. The validity of the underlying assumptions still needs to be tested under different conditions and for catchments of various sizes. Nevertheless, at this stage the model can already improve monitoring efficiency of groundwater-surface water interactions.

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Section: The Basicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…van der Velde et al: Catchment-scale non-linear groundwater-surface water interactions 1978;De Vries, 1995). In hillslope hydrology this changing active channel network is reflected in the hydrological connectivity (Ocampo et al, 2006;Molenat et al, 2008) between the riparian and upland zones.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catchment-scale non-linear groundwater-surface water interactions in densely drained lowland catchments

Velde

Rooij

Torfs

2009

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…In lowland catchments, local groundwater head gradients toward ditches and tube drains are the driving force for water flow and solute transport [ Ernst , 1978; Raats , 1977]. The dense artificial drainage systems create complicated dynamics in the spatial patterns of surface and subsurface fluxes of water and pollutants as they locally switch between active and passive depending on the ambient groundwater level [ van der Velde et al , 2009].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate response of a lowland catchment: On the relation between stream concentration and travel time distribution dynamics

Velde

Rooij

Rozemeijer

et al. 2010

Water Resources Research

123

121

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[1] Nitrate pollution of surface waters is widespread in lowland catchments with intensive agriculture. For identification of effective nitrate concentration reducing measures the nitrate fluxes within catchments need to be quantified. In this paper we applied a mass transfer function approach to simulate catchment-scale nitrate transport. This approach was extended with time-varying travel time distributions and removal of nitrate along flow paths by denitrification to be applicable for lowland catchments. Numerical particle tracking simulations revealed that transient travel time distributions are highly irregular and rapidly changing, reflecting the dynamics of rainfall and evapotranspiration. The solute transport model was able to describe 26 years of frequently measured chloride and nitrate concentrations in the Hupsel Brook catchment (6.6 km 2 lowland catchment in the Netherlands) with an R 2 value of 0.86. Most of the seasonal and daily variations in concentrations could be attributed to temporal changes of the travel time distributions. A full sensitivity analysis revealed that measurements other than just surface water nitrate and chloride concentrations are needed to constrain the uncertainty in denitrification, plant uptake, and mineralization of organic matter. Despite this large uncertainty, our results revealed that denitrification removes more nitrate from the Hupsel Brook catchment than stream discharge. This study demonstrates that a catchment-scale lumped approach to model chloride and nitrate transport processes suffices to accurately capture the dynamics of catchment-scale surface water concentration as long as the model includes detailed transient travel time distributions.

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“…During the last century field drainage systems and designs were rationalized on the basis of stationary analytical flow models in combination with field measurements of soil parameters (Hooghoudt, ; De Zeeuw and Hellinga, ; Kraijenhoff van de Leur, ; Ernst, ). The main design parameters were primarily groundwater levels and drainage discharge.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Salinity Patterns in Shallow Groundwater and Drainage Water From Agricultural Land in the Northern Part of the Netherlands

Velstra¹,

Groen

Jong³

2011

Irrigation and Drainage

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In studies concerning rainwater lenses on a parcel scale in brackish polder areas it is assumed that infiltrated rainwater flows through the rainwater lens and seeps to the watercourses. This freshwater system is supposed to be superimposed on the brackish diffuse upward seepage system. This study investigates the influence of field drainage on the dynamic behaviour of fresh rainwater lenses and the risk of salinization of the root zone. Observations presented in this paper show that shallow water and salt movements in clayey polders are more complex and more dynamic than previously thought.On 18 parcels 2D geo-electrical resistivity imaging profiles were measured, which give a good spatial and temporal representation of the salinity distribution of the groundwater. It appears that during wet periods upconing of brackish groundwater appears under pipe drains and ditches, which drain a mixture of fresh meteoric water and deep brackish groundwater. Between drainpipes small rainwater lenses develop. During the dry season, when the groundwater table drops below the drainage level, brackish soil moisture stays behind. Transpiration of the crops rooted in the clayey polder soils result in strong capillary rise of salts, which may even reach the root zone in some places. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉSUMÉDans les études concernant les lentilles d'eau de pluie à l'échelle de la parcelle dans des zones saumâtres de polders, on considère que l'eau de pluie infiltrée s'écoule à travers la lentille d'eau de pluie et percole jusqu'aux cours d'eau. Ce système d'eau douce est censé se superposer au système de remontée diffuse d'eau saumâtre. Cette étude examine l'influence du drainage du terrains sur le comportement dynamique des lentilles d'eau douce issues de la pluie, et le risque de salinisation de la zone racinaire. Les observations présentées dans cette communication montrent que le comportement de l'eau et les mouvements de sels dans des polders argileux sont plus complexes et plus dynamiques que ce que l'on pensait précédemment.Sur 18 parcelles des profils géoélectriques 2D de résistivité ont été relevés, qui fournissent une bonne représentation spatiale et temporelle de la distribution de la salinité dans la nappe. Il s'avère que durant les périodes humides une remontée d'eau saumâtre apparaît sous les tuyaux de drainages et les fossés, qui drainent un mélange d'eau douce provenant des précipitations et d'eau saumâtre profonde et provenant de la nappe de petites lentilles d'eau de pluie se développer entre les tuyaux de drainage. Pendant la saison sèche, lorsque la nappe phréatique descend sous le niveau de drainage, l'humidité persiste dans les sols saumâtres. L'évapotranspiration dans un sol argileux provoque une forte remontée capillaire des sels, qui peut même atteindre la zone racinaire.Avec le changement climatique, on s'attend à une augmentation du déficit de précipitations. L'élévation du niveau de la mer et l'affaissement du sol entraîne une augmentation des infiltrations d'eau saumâtre. ...

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Drainage of undulating sandy soils with high groundwater tables

Cited by 9 publications

References 4 publications

Catchment-scale non-linear groundwater-surface water interactions in densely drained lowland catchments

Catchment-scale non-linear groundwater-surface water interactions in densely drained lowland catchments

Nitrate response of a lowland catchment: On the relation between stream concentration and travel time distribution dynamics

Observations of Salinity Patterns in Shallow Groundwater and Drainage Water From Agricultural Land in the Northern Part of the Netherlands

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