Dramatic enhancement of double-walled carbon nanotube quality through a one-pot tunable purification method

Desforges, Alexandre; Bridi, Angélica Vieira; Kadok, Joris; Flahaut, Emmanuel; Normand, F. Le; Gleize, Jérôme; Bellouard, C.; Ghanbaja, Jaâfar; Vigolo, Brigitte

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.09.033

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The high-energy contribution with the 2p 3/2 component at ca. 199.9 eV is attributed to chlorine bonded to carbon 70 in agreement with Raman spectroscopy. From XPS, chlorine atomic content was decreased by a factor of almost 2 between mD and D1, being as low as around 0.83 at.…”

Section: The Metal Removal Yield Y M Is Defined Assupporting

confidence: 80%

Protecting Carbon Nanotubes from Oxidation for Selective Carbon Impurity Elimination

et al. 2019

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Purity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is essential to avoid a dramatic decrease in their performances. In addition to metallic impurities, carbonaceous impurities have been shown to be responsible for pronounced effects. However, they are highly difficult to be selectively removed from CNT samples because of the similar chemical reactivity of these two kinds of carbon species. The existing purification methods often lead to high CNT consumption (>90 wt %). The proposed method consists of a one-pot gas-phase treatment combining chlorine and oxygen. The CNT powder maintained in a chlorine stream is submitted to oxygen at moderate temperature [350 and 500°C for single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and double-walled CNTs (DWCNTs), respectively], and the thermal treatment is then pursued at 900−1000°C under chlorine alone. Our work reveals that this approach is able to significantly improve the selectivity of elimination of carbonaceous impurities. Thanks to the proposed purification treatment, only 19 and 11 wt % of carbon species (mainly carbon impurities) are lost for DWCNTs and SWCNTs, respectively. The mechanism proposed involves a protective effect by grafting of chlorine favored to the CNT walls. Because our simple one-pot purification method is also versatile and scalable, it opens new perspectives for CNT applications in high-added value fields.

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Section: The Metal Removal Yield Y M Is Defined Assupporting

confidence: 80%

Protecting Carbon Nanotubes from Oxidation for Selective Carbon Impurity Elimination

et al. 2019

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“…These bonds can develop at the ends of DWCNTs, which have been open during the heating in air. The importance of edged carbon atoms for chlori nation of DWCNT sample is demonstrated by the data showing no chlorine in the as produced DWCNT based sample treated by Cl 2 flow at temperatures of 900e1110 C [25].…”

Section: Materials Structure and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Theory predicts a weak interaction of chlorine with large diameter CNTs [24]. Experiments have shown in particular that the treatment of DWCNTs in a Cl 2 /O 2 atmosphere at 1000 C causes no chlorine attachment, but removes metal and disordered carbon contami nations [25]. Covalent CeCl bonds are formed by using chlorine containing molecules, which can generate chlorine atoms under thermal [26], plasma [27], or ultra violet photolysis [28] activation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated holey double-walled carbon nanotubes for relative humidity sensors

Bulusheva

Sysoev

Lobiak

et al. 2019

Carbon

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a b s t r a c tA chemical procedure for modification of double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) to enhance their response to humidity was developed. The DWCNTs walls were etched by hot concentrated sulfuric acid, after what the edge carbon sites were saturated by chlorine via reaction with CCl 4 vapor. This treatment increases the dispersibility of DWCNTs in solvents, removes oxygen groups, and produces chlorine decorated holes in the outer walls. Networks of chlorinated holey DWCNTs showed a high repeatable response to humid environment and a good reversible behavior after the sensor purging by dry air. The density functional theory calculations predict enhanced polarization of the DWCNTs when they contain chlorine decorated holes in the outer walls and physisorption of H 2 O molecules near chlorine atoms. These two effects are the cause of an intense low noise signal to gaseous H 2 O and easy sensor recovery.

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“…Under the same conditions, SWCNTs produced by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) HiPco process, where the carbon layer covering the metallic particles is known to be thinner, the purification yield reached 87.5 % 37 . The purification yield for double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) whose impurities are embedded in large carbonaceous particles, was as low as 67 % under the same experimental conditions 46 . The accessibility of the metallic particles is the main limiting factor to remove them by any chemical treatment.…”

Section: Metal-based Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-damaging purification method: decoupling the toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their associated metal impurities

Darné

Desforges

Berrada

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Dramatic enhancement of double-walled carbon nanotube quality through a one-pot tunable purification method

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

Protecting Carbon Nanotubes from Oxidation for Selective Carbon Impurity Elimination

Protecting Carbon Nanotubes from Oxidation for Selective Carbon Impurity Elimination

Chlorinated holey double-walled carbon nanotubes for relative humidity sensors

A non-damaging purification method: decoupling the toxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their associated metal impurities

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