Drastically lowering the titer of waterborne bacteriophage PRD1 by exposure to immobilized hydrophobic polycations

Abstract

Decrease in the titer of bacteriophage PRD1 (a model of animal adenoviruses) in aqueous solutions caused by the presence of systematically chemically derivatized surfaces was kinetically investigated. The greatest loss of infectivity--up to a 4-log reduction in the titer--was observed with immobilized hydrophobic polyethylenimine-based and dendrimer-based polycations.

Antimicrobial Nanomaterials and Coatings: Current Mechanisms and Future Perspectives to Control the Spread of Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2

“… 82 Overall, having only polycations (minimal hydrophobicity) also showed a reduction in the virus titer; however, the combination of hydrophobicity with acetylated surfaces and positive charges of polyethylenimine was more effective. 82 The antiviral activity was also proportional to the surface area of the treated glass. This was also confirmed by exposing treated glass powders to the virus solution, demonstrating a higher titer reduction compared to that on treated surfaces.…”

“…This was also confirmed by exposing treated glass powders to the virus solution, demonstrating a higher titer reduction compared to that on treated surfaces. 82 Moreover, N-alkylated polyethylenimines, namely, linear N , N -dodecyl,methyl-polyethylenimines, have also demonstrated antiviral properties for non-enveloped viruses when “painted” on polyethylene. 81 Using this method, Larson et al showed slightly elevated antiviral activity as incubation time was increased and nearly 100% virucidal activity after 15 min of incubation.…”

“…Immobilizing polycations on various surfaces has been shown to convey antiviral properties for both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. , Immobilized hydrophobic polyethylenimine-based and dendrimer-based polycations have reduced the titer of viruses. A study on bacteriophage PRD1 interaction with polyethylenimine-coated glass slides demonstrated that positive charges and hydrophobicity (conferred by 4-bromobutyrylated polyethylenimine-treated glass with N , N -dimethylhexadecylamine) result in a significant decrease in the virus titer compared to uncoated glass . Overall, having only polycations (minimal hydrophobicity) also showed a reduction in the virus titer; however, the combination of hydrophobicity with acetylated surfaces and positive charges of polyethylenimine was more effective .…”

“…A study on bacteriophage PRD1 interaction with polyethylenimine-coated glass slides demonstrated that positive charges and hydrophobicity (conferred by 4-bromobutyrylated polyethylenimine-treated glass with N , N -dimethylhexadecylamine) result in a significant decrease in the virus titer compared to uncoated glass . Overall, having only polycations (minimal hydrophobicity) also showed a reduction in the virus titer; however, the combination of hydrophobicity with acetylated surfaces and positive charges of polyethylenimine was more effective . The antiviral activity was also proportional to the surface area of the treated glass.…”

Design strategies for antiviral coatings and surfaces: A review

“…Synthetic polycations are also gaining increased recognition. Kibanov's group has demonstrated how PEI immobilized on surfaces has antiviral properties for both enveloped and nonenveloped viruses [ 72 , 73 ]. PEI has also been modified to produce different surface charge behaviors (neutral, cationic, and anionic) [74] .…”