DRD4 and novelty seeking: Results of meta‐analyses

Schinka, John A.; Letsch, Elizabeth A.; Crawford, Fiona

doi:10.1002/ajmg.10649

Cited by 196 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Ebstein et al (1996) showed that long alleles of polymorphic exon III repeat sequences of the D4DR dopamine receptor gene on chromosome 11 are associated with high levels of a personality trait called novelty-seeking (Ebstein et al, 1996(Ebstein et al, , 1997Ekelund, Lichtermann, Jarvelin, & Peltonen, 1999;Malhotra et al, 1996;Ono et al, 1997), for negative findings, see Herbst, Zonderman, McCrae, and Costa (2000). Kluger, Siegfried, and Ebstein (2002) and Schinka, Letsch, and Crawford (2002) both carried out metaanalysis suggesting partially contradicting results. Benjamin et al (1996) showed that novelty-seeking is positively correlated with extraversion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

et al. 2007

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Whether differences in personality among populations really exist and, if so, whether they are only due to cultural and linguistic differences or have a genetically selected adaptive value, is a controversial issue. In this research, we compared three Italian populations living on three small archipelagos in the Tyrrhenian Sea (n ¼ 993), with their corresponding neighbouring mainlanders (n ¼ 598), i.e. sharing the same geographical origin, culture and language. We used an adjective-based Big Five questionnaire in order to measure personality traits in four categories of individuals for each archipelago/mainland population: (1) original islanders; (2) non-original islanders; (3) mainlanders and (4) immigrants to the islands. We further analysed original and non-original islanders who had or had not emigrated from the islands. We found that islanders had different personality traits from mainlanders, the former being more conscientious and emotionally stable and less extraverted and open to experience. We also found that the subgroup of islanders whose ancestors had inhabited their island for about 20 generations in isolation (original islanders, n ¼ 624) were less extraverted and open to experience than immigrants (n ¼ 193). In contrast, immigrants retained the typical personality profile of the mainland populations. Lastly, emigrants from the islands (n ¼ 209) were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than original and non-original islanders who had never left their island (n ¼ 741). We hypothesise that population differences in extraversion and openness to experience are more probably related to genetic differences which evolved rapidly, presumably through an active gene flow produced by selective emigration from the islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

et al. 2007

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“…For example, research in psychology and psychiatry has shown that evolutionary psychology explains personality traits, emotions, temperament and character, including variety and novelty seeking behaviors, harm avoidance, and reward dependence (Nesse, 1990;Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993;Kluger, Siegfried & Ebstein, 2002;Savitz & Ramesar, 2004;Schinka, Letsch & Crawford, 2002). Other research has also shown that evolutionary psychology can explain certain personality traits, as well as behavioral and health disorders (Akiskal & Akiskal, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective on Physical Exercise Motives: Implications for Social Marketing

Michaelidou

Moraes

2014

Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing

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This study uses the theoretical framework of evolutionary psychology to examine the motives driving physical exercise behavior, as evolutionary psychology is still under explored in the social marketing literature. The study employs a survey that draws on a sample of 220 participants. Independent sample t-tests and analysis of variance are conducted, and findings show significant sex and marital status differences in terms of motivations to exercise. Research findings have original implications for social marketing interventions that seek to understand physical exercise motivations, and to encourage increased levels of physical exercise. Further, findings contribute to the extant literature by establishing the importance of sex-based segmentation strategies, and message appeals that resonate with specific segments' innate physical exercise motives.

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“…While early investigations examined a 48 bp VNTR in exon III, conflicting findings with regard to personality traits have raised concerns that the grouping of alleles at this site may overstate what are only minor functional differences. 2 Others have pointed out a number of exon III alleles of unknown function nested in length variants. 3 More recently, the focus of attention has thus shifted towards DRD4 markers located in the gene's promoter region, on account of their relevance to gene expression.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2 We are confident that this strategy will further contribute to better understanding of dopaminergic neurotransmission in Extraversion, often dubbed the 'engine' of human behaviour. 1 The same study also described evidence linking the putative protective genotype (ie 'A/A' for SNP rs1044925) to brain amyloid load and CSF cholesterol levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, cholesterol has been implicated in the regulation of b-amyloid peptide (Ab) production, and ACAT1, which regulates the cellular levels of free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters, has been shown to reduce the Ab levels in vitro. 2 Second, the gene encoding ACAT1 (SOAT1) is located near a chromosomal region (1q25) that full genome screens suggest may harbor a novel AD gene. 3,4 We present here the results of a comprehensive genetic assessment of SOAT1 (including all three variants previously analyzed) 1 in the NIMH AD Genetics Initiative Study sample.…”

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Variation at the DRD4 promoter modulates extraversion in Caucasians

et al. 2005

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between OCD patients and controls (RT: 537739 vs 528750 ms; HR: 98.671 vs 98.272%), respectively. Neural generators of the N1 were estimated with the LORETA method, indicating a major source in the left temporoparietal region (Brodmann areas (BA) 19/37/39, Figure 1b) and a weaker mirror image source on the right. Comparing individual source solutions statistically (voxel-wise), group H and the control group differed in the medial frontal (BA 23/24) and lateral temporo-occipital (BA 19) cortex (Figure 1c). This is the first demonstration that BDV activity (amount of BDV-CICs) is associated with diseaserelevant and attention-related cognitive changes (increased N1) in humans, in particular in secondary visual areas and the anterior cingulate gyrus. The increased N1 amplitude in group H patients may be explained by defective thalamic filter mechanisms, given a proposed modulation by thalamic input to the cortex. 10 Indeed, functional neuroimaging studies 9 strongly suggest that OCD involves hyperactivity of striato-thalamo-cortical networks. The present findings are consistent with such a hyperactivity and suggest that this may be modulated by BDV infection possibly through interference of viral components with neurotransmitters (eg, glutamate and aspartate). 4 Future studies should validate these findings and further investigate possible mechanisms of this neurotropic virus in relation to altered cortical activity in psychiatric disorders.

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DRD4 and novelty seeking: Results of meta‐analyses

Cited by 196 publications

References 37 publications

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

The adaptive value of personality differences revealed by small island population dynamics

An Evolutionary Psychology Perspective on Physical Exercise Motives: Implications for Social Marketing

Variation at the DRD4 promoter modulates extraversion in Caucasians

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