Dredge and fill regulatory constraints in meeting the ecological goals of restoration projects

Beneficial use of dredged material for habitat creation, enhancement, and restoration in New York–New Jersey Harbor

“…Federal law authorizes the beneficial use of dredged material for habitat development in association with navigation improvement projects (Redmond, 2000). Section 1135 of The Water Resources and Development Act (WRDA) of 1986 (as amended by Section 304 of WRDA 1990) allows modifications to the operation or maintenance of existing Federal dredging projects for 'the purposes of improving the quality of the environment in the public interest' if local sponsors pay 25% of the increased costs.…”