Drei neue Boraginaceen-Species der Flora von Afghanistan

Abstract

1. Onosma intricaturn RIEDL ot FREITAG~ sp. n.Species perennis caudiee erassissimo, lignoso, deeorticante, cinereo-fuseo, interdum ultra 10 mm in diametro crasso, ramoso. Pars vegetativa verosimiliter haud typiee evoluta eaulibus primariis diffraetis. Caules secundarii numerosi, tenuissimi, ut bases caulium primariorum valde intrieati, ramosi, 10--15 em alti, setis patentibus rigidis albis 2--2,5 mm longis, basi i~:[latis et pilis brevioribus, rigidis, densissimis, patentibus, sursum vel deorsum versis vel subhorizontalibus vestiti, ramis lignifieantibus glabreseentibus. Folia subbasalia et eaulina (10--)12--25(--30)mm longa, 2(--)3--8 mm lata, oblanceolata vel subspathulata, in parte quarta apieali latissima, obtusa, margine revoluta, sessilia, rarissime subpetiolata, supra setis patentibus, tubereulis paulo elevatis, glabris, e seriebus 2--3 cellularum eonvexarum nitidarum latitudine paulo tantum longiorum compositis insidentibus, inter setas pilis rigidis, longiuseulis, arete appressis tecta, subtus setis tantum in margine et in nervo mediano ornata, tota faeie densissime albo-tomentosa. Folia suprema saepe valde redueta, 2--3 mm tantum longa. Braeteae minutissimae, lineari-lanceolatae, aeutae, pedieellis saepe haud exaete oppositae. Inflorescentiae certe atypiee evolutae, fureatae, pauei-et laxiflorae. Pedieelli 2--3 mm longi, flexuosi, setosi. Calyces paulo post llorendum -~ 5 mm longi, demure usque ad 7 mm (vel ultra?) elongati, patule setosi, e laeiniis 5 usque ad basin liberis, anguste linearibus, aeutis, 0,5 mm vix latis. Corolla coerulea, per longitudinem plieata plieis intensius coloratis, 7--8 mm longa, subtubulosa, supra basin et infra lobos triangulares, aeutos, longitudine subaequilatos constricta, extra imprimis in dimidio superiore pilosa, iatus glabra annulo longe piloso inter bases filamentorum 1,5ram fete supra basin eorollae exeluso. Annulus sqnamulosus (,,nectarifer") indistinete tantum evolutus, parce pilosus. Filamenta subfiliformia, prope basin antherarum inserta, ~ 4 mm longa. Antherae i 7 mm longae, tota longitudine eonnatae, e corolla longe

A biodiversity profile of Afghanistan in 2006 : a component of the National Capacity self-Assessment (NCSA) National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) for Afghanistan / by Christopher C. Shank.

“…The source of most of Afghanistan's surface water is winter snow falling at high elevations. Freitag (1972) argues that the long period of summer drought limits Afghanistan's vegetation much more than does mean annual precipitation. Vegetation flourishes in areas receiving monsoon summer rains.…”

“…An understanding of so-called "natural" ecological conditions (i.e., prior to major modification by humans) is useful as a benchmark indicating the potential of the land. Freitag (1972) suggests that much of Afghanistan would be dominated by oak woodlands if the summer dry period were only 3 -4 months rather than the current 5 -7 months. It is interesting to speculate if human activity over the past several thousand years may have had an impact on the Afghan climate.…”

“…Closed forests of oak and conifers were probably always limited to the eastern part of the country where the western-most extension of the Indian monsoon breaks the summer drought that limits plant life throughout most of the country. Examination of the potential vegetation maps of Freitag ( , 1972 suggests that closed forests (not including northern juniper communities) may once have covered about 5% of the country 2 or about 34 000 km². Sayer and Van der Zon (1981) estimated that there was 3 600 km² of closed canopy forest (i.e., Conifereous, Quercus and Olea-Reptonia) remaining in the late 1970s.…”

“…The ecoregion covers the large semi-desert region of southern Afghanistan including the Registan Desert and the Siestan Basin. It combines all of Freitag's ( , 1972 semidesert communities in the south-western part of the country. This includes the Haloxylon salicrnicum Semi-desert, Calliginum-Artistida Semi-Desert, Chenopodium Rich and Amygdalus Semi-Desert communities.…”

“…This ecoregion is represented in Afghanistan only on the south side of the Wakhan Corridor and is the westernmost extension of an extensive ecoregion in the Himalayas and Karakorum Mountains to the east. Freitag ( , 1972 labels this ecoregion as a nival (snow-covered) zone and does not describe the vegetation.…”