Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update

Alasalvar, Cesarettin; Chang, Sui Kiat; Kris‐Etherton, Penny M.; Sullivan, Valerie K.; Petersen, Kristina; Guasch‐Ferré, Marta; Jenkins, David

doi:10.3390/nu15071611

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…These natural antioxidants can alleviate oxidative stress and chondrocyte damage and thus play a role in the management of OA. [26] Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural polyphenol extracted from fruits or nuts, which can effectively inhibit oxidative stress induced by IL-1 and improve chondrocyte oxidative stress-induced dysfunction; significantly inhibit apoptosis and aging, and reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and metalloproteinases; and through up-regulating Keap1/ Nrf2 signaling pathway, weaken oxidative stress and play a protective effect on chondrocytes. [27,28] Limonin reduces IL-1 levels of β-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduces the biosynthesis of IL-1β-stimulated chondrogenic catabolic enzymes in chondrocytes to reduce inflammation, and exerts a protective effect on OA through the Nrf2/HO-1/NF-κB signaling pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cesarettin et al considered dried fruit (raisins, cranberries, jujube, and dried plum) to affect the composition of human intestinal flora in a potentially beneficial way (in terms of bifidobacterium, Clostria, Lactobacillus, Ruminoccaceae, Klebsiella, Prevotella), thus health benefits. [26] The study showed that the pain of rat or human OA and inflammation and symptoms were reduced by administering probiotics, prebiotics, or drugs. These results suggest that dried fruit may affect the occurrence and progression of OA by affecting intestinal flora and its metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causal association between dried fruit intake and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study

Liang,

Zhong,

et al. 2024

Medicine

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This study aimed to examine whether dried fruit intake is causally associated with Osteoarthritis (OA). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger regression methods was performed. We used the publicly available summary statistics data sets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses for dried fruit intake in individuals included in the UK Biobank (n = 421,764; MRC-IEU consortium) as the exposure and a GWAS publicly available in PubMed for OA (total n = 484,598; case = 39,515, control = 445,083) as the outcome. We selected 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms at genome-wide significance from GWASs on dried fruit intake as the instrumental variables. The IVW method showed evidence to support a causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = −0.020, SE = 0.009, P = .039). MR-Egger regression indicated no directional pleiotropy (intercept = 1E-05; P = .984), but it showed no causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = −0.020, SE = 0.043, P = .610). However, the WM approach yielded evidence of a causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = −0.026, SE = 0.012, P = .026). Cochran’s Q test showed the existence of heterogeneity, but the statistics of I 2 showed low heterogeneity. The results of MR analysis support that dried fruit intake may be causally associated with a decreased risk of OA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal association between dried fruit intake and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study

Liang,

Zhong,

et al. 2024

Medicine

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“…Dried fruits serve as nutrient-rich snacks, brimming with dietary ber, essential minerals, vitamins, and bioactive elements like avonoids and carotenoids. They offer notable health bene ts such as antioxidant, anti-in ammatory, anti-atherosclerotic, and anticancer properties [32][33][34][35]. These concentrated nutrients in dried fruits can play a signi cant role in combating oxidative stress and in ammation, two key factors in the development and exacerbation of various health conditions, including intracranial aneurysms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Impact of Dietary Factors on Intracranial Aneurysm Risk: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Ma,

Zong,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: While existing research has established a link between dietary habits and the incidence of intracranial aneurysms, the application of Mendelian randomization to explore this association remains largely uncharted. Methods: n our study, we analyzed a wide array of dietary factors using data from the IEU Open GWAS project, which included meat varieties (oily fish, pork, lamb/mutton, beef and poultry), vegetarian foods (both cooked and raw vegetables, along with fresh and dried fruits), cereal and the frequency of alcohol intake. We included pooled intracranial aneurysm GWAS data from a comprehensive dataset of 7,495 cases as well as 71,934 controls. In MR analysis, we employed multiple Mendelian randomization techniques such as weighted median, MR-Egger, and Inverse Variance Weighted methods and rigorously controlled the false discovery rates through the Bonferroni correction across ten dietary exposures. The study's robustness was further ensured by assessing heterogeneity and pleiotropy using Cochran's Q test and MR-Egger method, supplemented by leave-one-out and MR-PRESSO analyses, thus solidifying the validity of our findings. Results: Our analysis identified a significant association between cooked vegetables (OR: 2.296; 95% CI: 0.726 ~ 3.867; p = 0.0042) and an elevated risk of intracranial aneurysms. Besides, the initial analysis suggested a statistically significant association between the dried fruit (OR: 0.385; 95%CI: -1.842 ~ -0.067; p= 0.0350), frequency of alcohol intake (OR: 1.419; 95% CI: 0.039 ~ 0.661; p = 0.0276) and the risk of intracranial aneurysms. However, this significance was not sustained after applying the Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, indicating a need for cautious interpretation despite the initially promising findings. No causal links were found between intracranial aneurysms and other dietary intakes investigated in this study. Conclusion: This study identified a clear causal link between cooked vegetable intake and an increased risk of intracranial aneurysm, while suggesting a potential connection between the frequency of alcohol intake and the elevated risk, although this association did not reach statistical significance after multiple testing corrections. Conversely, no significant associations were observed between the risk of intracranial aneurysm and the consumption of various meats, cheese, and other fruits and vegetables.

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“…Butyric acid produced by the butyric-acid-producing bacteria Clostridium butyricum and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii induces regulatory T cells (Treg) in the gut, and IL-10 produced by Tregs helps suppress inflammatory responses and upregulate immunity [133]. Furthermore, flavonoid phytochemicals work as prebiotics and upregulate immunity by increasing beneficial microbiota such as butyric-acid-producing bacteria [117] and suppress chronic inflammation through lowering the production of TNF-α [118]. In addition, it is intriguing that the consumption of raisins is reported to induce beneficial changes in gut microbiota [119].…”

Section: Intestinal Disorders and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for a Healthy Life and Prevention of Diseases

Santa

Watanabe

Kumazawa

et al. 2023

IJMS

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A variety of phytocompounds contained in medical plants have been used as medication, including Kampo (traditional Japanese) medicine. Phytochemicals are one category of the chemical compounds mainly known as antioxidants, and recently, their anti-inflammatory effects in preventing chronic inflammation have received much attention. Here, we present a narrative review of the health-promotion and disease-prevention effects of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, the latter of which are abundant in onions, oranges, tea, soybeans, turmeric, cacao, and grapes, along with the synergetic effects of vitamin D. A phenomenon currently gaining popularity in Japan is finding non-disease conditions, so-called ME-BYO (mibyou) and treating them before they develop into illnesses. In addition to lifestyle-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome and obesity, dementia and frailty, commonly found in the elderly, are included as underlying conditions. These conditions are typically induced by chronic inflammation and might result in multiple organ failure or cancer if left untreated. Maintaining gut microbiota is important for suppressing (recently increasing) intestinal disorders and for upregulating immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the interest in phytochemicals and vitamin D for disease prevention increased, as viral and bacterial infection to the lung causes fatal inflammation, and chronic inflammation induces pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, sepsis is a disorder inducing severe organ failure by the infection of microbes, with a high mortality ratio in non-coronary ICUs. However, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) working using natural immunity suppress sepsis at the early stage. The intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D enhances anti-inflammatory effects, upregulates immunity, and reduces the risk of chronic disorders by means of keeping healthy gut microbiota. Evidence acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic revealed that daily improvement and prevention of underlying conditions, in terms of lifestyle-related diseases, is very important because they increase the risk of infectious diseases. This narrative review discusses the importance of the intake of phytochemicals and vitamin D for a healthy lifestyle and the prevention of ME-BYO, non-disease conditions.

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Dried Fruits: Bioactives, Effects on Gut Microbiota, and Possible Health Benefits—An Update

Cited by 20 publications

References 72 publications

Causal association between dried fruit intake and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study

Causal association between dried fruit intake and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study

Exploring the Impact of Dietary Factors on Intracranial Aneurysm Risk: Insights from Mendelian Randomization Analysis

Phytochemicals and Vitamin D for a Healthy Life and Prevention of Diseases

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