Dried Plums, Prunes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review

Wallace, Taylor C.

doi:10.3390/nu9040401

Cited by 55 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Plums are commonly used as fresh as well as processed fruits (jams, compotes, dehydrated plums, and juices). Plum fruits appear to provide a variety of health benefits, due to their high-quality constituents, like carbohydrates, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, potassium, and antioxidants [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Rizzo

Farina

Saiano

et al. 2019

Insects

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The effective control of the plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) still represents a difficult challenge for organic plum farming. Little information is available on the susceptibility of plum cultivars to this moth pest. We investigated the roles of several fruit parameters (i.e., shape, volume, hardness, fruit colour, and physiochemical properties) on the susceptibility of four different plum cultivars (Angeleno, Friar, President and Stanley) to G. funebrana attack. Field data demonstrated the importance of some fruit parameters (i.e., elongation index, sugar degree, titratable acidity, cover colour percentage) on susceptibility to G. funebrana infestation. Under laboratory conditions, colour and shape had a significant role in determining the time spent on false fruits, i.e., female moths preferred yellow and rounded fruits over elongated red or green fruits. Angeleno (yellow and rounded fruits) and Stanley (green and elongated fruits) were the most and least susceptible cultivars, respectively. Overall, this study adds useful knowledge about plum cultivar susceptibility to G. funebrana. Information reported here may be useful to improve integrated pest management strategies both in conventional and organic orchards because the use of less susceptible cultivars may reduce insecticidal treatments, limiting the development of resistance in target insects and the harmful side effects on beneficial species.Insects 2019, 10, 444 2 of 16 of the susceptibility of different plum cultivars to the main pests can provide useful information for plum improvement programs and pest management strategies.Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera Tortricidae), the plum fruit moth (PFM), is one of the main pests of plum orchards in Europe. This species is oligophagous and attacks different host plants within the family Rosaceae, such as the fruits of plums, cherries, and peaches. This moth can complete one or two generations per year in many parts of central and eastern Europe [19] and three generations per year in Italy [20,21]. As with other moths, females of PFM attract mates using pheromone signals [22][23][24] and lay eggs on developing fruits of host plants [25]. Neonate larvae typically bore into immature fruits, where they feed and develop until pupation. Damage is due to the feeding activity of the larvae inside the fruits, which causes changes in fruit colouration, early ripening and fruit fall. Furthermore, infested fruits show penetration holes made by neonate larvae, which are characterised by the presence of gum, and exit holes made by mature larvae leaving the fruit [26]. Both result in reduced marketability and significant yield decreases. In conventional agriculture, this pest is primarily controlled by the use of broad-spectrum insecticides [19]. In organic plum orchards, good fruit protection can be achieved by alternating a low number of spinosad applications and mineral oil applications, despite the short period of effectiveness typical of spinosad [27].In other tortricid spec...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Rizzo

Farina

Saiano

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…Dried plum, Prunus domestica L., has been shown to have beneficial effects against bone loss 31 (reviewed in Wallace et al 2017). Dried plum's positive effects on bone health markers have been investigated in multiple models of osteopenia, in both human clinical trials [32][33][34][35][36] and rodent studies 37,38 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Steczina

Tahimic

Pendleton

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Spaceflight is a unique environment that includes at least two factors which can negatively impact skeletal health: microgravity and ionizing radiation. We have previously shown that a diet supplemented with dried plum powder (DP) prevented radiation-induced bone loss in mice. In this study, we investigated the capacity of the DP diet to prevent bone loss in mice following exposure to simulated spaceflight, combining microgravity (by hindlimb unloading) and radiation exposure. The DP diet was effective at preventing most decrements in bone micro-architectural and mechanical properties due to hindlimb unloading alone and simulated spaceflight. Furthermore, we show that the DP diet can protect osteoprogenitors from impairments resulting from simulated microgravity. Based on our findings, a dietary supplementation with DP could be an effective countermeasure against the skeletal deficits observed in astronauts during spaceflight.Alterations in the gravity vector and exposure to ionizing radiation can disrupt skeletal homeostasis in mice 1-3 . There are multiple stressors associated with spaceflight, including microgravity and radiation which are known to cause bone loss 4-6 . Decrements in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in astronauts from the Mir missions as well as missions to the International Space Station (ISS) 7-9 . While much research has focused on the detrimental effects of microgravity on skeletal tissue, less is known about the impact of spaceflight radiation. Crewed missions have, to this point, primarily remained within low-Earth orbit (LEO). While sources of ionizing space radiation within LEO include galactic cosmic radiation and charged particles from unpredictable solar particle events (SPE) 10,11 , the presence of the Earth's magnetosphere reduces exposure to ionizing space radiation. Missions beyond LEO pose the greatest risk of radiation exposure and is of significant concern for crew health 12-14 . Spaceflight-relevant radiation includes a mix of low-linear energy transfer (LET) species such as protons and helium ions as well as high-LET species such as iron 15,16 . Beyond LEO, for example, astronauts may be exposed to up to 0.7 Sv of ionizing radiation 12,15,17 during a multi-year mission to the Moon or Mars 14,15,18 .On Earth, bone homeostasis is effectively maintained by the controlled remodeling activity of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. However, exposure to low-LET radiation ( 137 Cs or X-ray, 1-2 Gy) leads to a transient increase in the number of osteoclasts, accompanied by an increase in trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and decrease in trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), overall leading to a reduction in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) [19][20][21][22] . Together, this early increase in bone resorption and decrease in bone formation due to radiation exposure can result in a state of osteopenia, potentially leading to an increased risk of bone fracture 16,23,24 . A possible mechanism of action responsible for these changes in bone homeostasis is the generation o...

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“…The growing demand for plums is due to their nutritional peculiarities, as they seem to provide a variety of health benefits, thanks to their healthful compounds [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. As a consequence, there has been a worldwide increase in plum cultivated areas ( Prunus domestica L. and Prunus salicina Lindl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Mating Disruption Be a Possible Route to Control Plum Fruit Moth in Mediterranean Environments?

Verde

Guarino

Barone

et al. 2020

Insects

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Control of the plum fruit moth, Grapholita funebrana Treitschke (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), has been mainly based on the use of chemical insecticides, which can cause undesirable side effects, leading to a growing interest towards alternative sustainable strategies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the mating disruption technique on G. funebrana infestation in plum orchards, by comparing the number of male captures in pheromone-baited traps, and evaluating the damage to fruits in plots treated with the pheromone dispersers and in control plots. The study was carried out in 2012 and 2014 in three organic plum orchards, on the cultivars Angeleno, Friar, President and Stanley. To evaluate the pheromone emission curve of the dispensers from the openings to the end of the trials, a chemical analysis was carried out by solid phase micro-extraction followed by gas chromatography, followed by mass spectrometry. In all years and orchards the mean number of males caught in traps placed in the treatment plots was always significantly lower than untreated plots. Pheromone emission from the dispensers was highest at the opening, and was still considerable at 54 days of field exposure, while it significantly decreased after 72 days of field exposure. Cultivar was confirmed to be an essential factor in determining the fruit infestation level. Pheromone treatment significantly reduced fruit infestation, but not economic damage.

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Dried Plums, Prunes and Bone Health: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 55 publications

References 48 publications

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Do Grapholita funebrana Infestation Rely on Specific Plum Fruit Features?

Dietary countermeasure mitigates simulated spaceflight-induced osteopenia in mice

Can Mating Disruption Be a Possible Route to Control Plum Fruit Moth in Mediterranean Environments?

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