Drift of stream invertebrates below a cave source

Waters, Thomas F.

doi:10.1007/bf00007592

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…data). Our typical estimates of 5 to 20 total aquatic invertebrates · 100 m -3 sampled are similar to Waters' (1981) estimates for drift 16 m below a cave outlet in a Minnesota stream. Further evidence of the headwater nature of station 1 is given by the occasional collection of the subterranean amphipod Niphargus sp., which presumably drifted out of the underground aquifers of Mt.…”

Section: Quantitative Aspects Of Driftsupporting

confidence: 68%

Invertebrate drift in the Dan River, Israel

Allan

Herbst²,

Ortal³

et al. 1988

Hydrobiologia

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The Dan river, a principal source of the Jordan River, Israel, is unusually constant in discharge (-8 m 3 s-l) and water temperature (15 -16 C). The Jordan headwaters constitute the southernmost oasis of a palearctic north temperate fauna, and presumably the very constancy of the Dan contributes to its important role as a regional refuge. However, little is known of river ecology from this region. We report a twelve month study of drift, undertaken to assess diel, seasonal, and spatial patterns of the abundance of drifting invertebrates.Diel periodicity in drift was detectable but minimal. Baetidae nymphs showed a pronounced nocturnal increase, gammarid amphipods a modest, twofold increase, while dipteran larvae showed no diel variation. Seasonal variation likewise was minimal and due principally to the Baetidae, while gammarid amphipods showed no significant seasonality. The notably small diel and seasonal variation in aquatic drift in the Dan may be attributable to the extremely constant physical regime.Spatial variation was substantial. Two stations located 30 and 200 m below the karstic exsurgence of the Dan provided drift densities among the lowest reported anywhere, whereas two stations located 1 and 4.5 km downstream had more typical drift densities. A water diversion project completed halfway through the study resulted in a 50% reduction in flow at the most downstream stations, but had no discernible effect on drift.

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Section: Quantitative Aspects Of Driftsupporting

confidence: 68%

Invertebrate drift in the Dan River, Israel

Allan

Herbst²,

Ortal³

et al. 1988

Hydrobiologia

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“…Chironomids are abundant in most streams where they exhibit wide diversity (Anderson, 1967 ;McLay, 1968;Davies, 1976;Wilson & McGill, 1977;Rutter & Poe, 1978;Slack et al, 1979;Waters, 1981;Maurer & Brusven, 1983;Armitage & Blackburn, 1985;Kownacki, 1985;Obi & Conner, 1986). Chironomidae life cycles are varied and, throughout the year, a variety of drift rates and patterns can be expected (Turcotte & Harper, 1982;Raddum, 1985;Allan, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chironomidae life cycles are varied and, throughout the year, a variety of drift rates and patterns can be expected (Turcotte & Harper, 1982;Raddum, 1985;Allan, 1987). Conflicting evidence exists for die1 drift periodicity of total Chironomidae larvae (e.g., Anderson & Lehmkuhl, 1968;Bishop & Hynes, 1969;Elliott & Corlett, 1972;Adamus & Gaufm, 1976;Rutter & Poe, 1978;Waters, 1981;Skinner, 1985;Allan, 1987 and references cited in Introduction). Anderson & Lehmkuhl(1968), Rutter & Poe (1978) and discuss the relationship between level of taxonomic identification and resolution of behavioral drift patterns for higher chironomid taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different patterns of invertebrate drift have been reported at successive downstream stations having different temperature regimes (Pearson & Franklin, 1968 ;Pearson & Kramer, 1972 ;Gore, 1977;Waters, 1981;Keefer & Manghan, 1985). However, similarity of temperature and water quality in the meadow and canyon suggests that other factors elicited the observed drift responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diel drift of Chironomidae larvae in a pristine Idaho mountain stream

Tilley

1989

Hydrobiologia

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Simultaneous hourly net collections in a meadow and canyon reach of a mountain stream determined die1 and spatial abundances of drifting Chironomidae larvae. Sixty-one taxa were identified to the lowest practical level, 52 in the meadow and 41 in the canyon. Orthocladiinae was the most abundant subfamily with 32 taxa and a 24 h mean density of 294 individuals 100 m-3 (meadow) and 26 taxa and a mean of 648 individuals 100 m-3 (canyon). Chironominae was the second most abundant subfamily. Nonchironomid invertebrates at both sites and total Chironomidae larvae (meadow) were predominantly night-drifting.Parakiefferiella and Psectrocladius were day-drifting (meadow) whereas 8 other chironomid taxa (meadow) and 2 taxa (canyon) were night-drifting. All others were aperiodic or too rare to test periodicity, Stempellinella cf brevis Edwards exhibited catastrophic drift in the canyon only. The different drift patterns between sites is attributed to greater loss of streambed habitat in the canyon compared to the meadow as streamflow decreased. Consequent crowding of chironomid larvae in the canyon caused catastrophic drift or interfered with drift periodicty. This study adds to knowledge of Chironomidae drift and shows influences on drift of hydrologic and geomorphic conditions.

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“…In New Zealand, as in other karst areas of the world, cave streams playa major role in transporting food, particularly aquatic insects, from surface waters into caves, although in many caves, few if any of these insects survive the journey to the resurgence (Decamps and Laville, 1975;Waters, 1981). Cave streams supplied from percolating groundwater are therefore unlikely to provide glowworm larvae with a supply of emergent aquatic insects on which to feed.…”

Section: Discussion the Climate Of The Glowworm Cavementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecology of the New Zealand Glowworm,Arachnocampa luminosa(Diptera: Keroplatidae), in the Glowworm Cave, Waitomo

Pugsley

1984

Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand

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The temperature and relative humidity inside the Glowworm Cave are spatially and temporally variable to a degree atypical of other caves in temperate latitudes. Comparison between the climatic data for 1977-80 and for 1955 shows that the climate of the cave was much more stable in 1955 than it is at present. This paper suggests that the increase in climatic variability is closely related to the fact that since 1975, when the Upper Entrance was unblocked, the cave has behaved as a wind tunnel: the difference in density between the atmosphere inside and outside the cave allows the outside air to flow freely through the interior between the Upper and Lower Entrances.Climatic fluctuations are considered to be the main factor responsible for the decline in the total population of Arachnacampa tuminasa (Skuse) observed between 1975 and 1980. Climatic changes may also explain why the numbers and diversity of other cave fauna are low.A. tuminasa has five larval instars. Larval development is homodynamic; the mqjority of the population follows a distinct annual cycle, in which most larvae hatch in spring. The distribution of glowworm larvae in the cave is largely determined by food supply and climatic conditions. The main source of food is the insects that emerge from the Waitomo Stream as it flows through the cave lakes. The main causes of mortality of glowworm larvae are cannibalism, an entomogenous fungus, cave opiliones, desiccation and flooding.

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Drift of stream invertebrates below a cave source

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Invertebrate drift in the Dan River, Israel

Invertebrate drift in the Dan River, Israel

Diel drift of Chironomidae larvae in a pristine Idaho mountain stream

Ecology of the New Zealand Glowworm,Arachnocampa luminosa(Diptera: Keroplatidae), in the Glowworm Cave, Waitomo

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