Drift of Water-Diluted and Undiluted Formulations of Malathion and Azinphosmethyl Applied by Airplane2

Amounts of pesticides reaching target pests: Environmental impacts and ethics

“…With concentrated spray, the percentage of pesticide reaching the target area is about half compared with the water-diluted spray (Argauer et al, 1968;Ware et al, 1969;Ware et al, 1970;Ware et al, 1975;ICAITI, 1977;Yates, 1981, 1984;Ware, 1983). Clearly, applying water-diluted spray doubles the total amount of pesticide in the target area compared with ULV equipment.…”

Air Pollution Research Needs: Herbaceous and Ornamental Plants and Agriculturally Generated Pollutants

“…52 There was 46-96% recovery of waterdiluted insecticide spray and 18-62% recovery of undiluted spray of technical insecticide material. 53 Recovery of herbicide in oil and water carriers ranged from 46 to 76%, implying 24-56% immediate airborne spray loss. 54 Aerial transport of pesticides on dust particles from Texas to the Ohio Valley was reported in 1966.…”

Effect of fluid properties and nozzle parameters on drop size distribution from fan spray nozzles

“…Argauer et al (1968) measured the deposit in the swath and the deposit up to one-half mile downwind resulting from sprays applied by aircraft at conventional rates (37 1/ha) and at an ultra low volume rate (2.4 1/ha). The amount of chemical recovered within one-half mile of the point of release by deposit on the ground averaged 52 percent of the total, and in one test was 18 percent.…”