Drills as Tools for Media Penetration and Sampling

Bar‐Cohen, Yoseph; Zacny, K.

doi:10.1002/9783527626625.ch1

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The depth of the deepest drilling core collected during the Apollo 17 mission was about ∼3 m [47], although the detection area of the drilling core is constrained. Drilling samples have been utilized to explore the lunar regolith's internal structure [48][49][50]. Therefore, it can be said that in-situ radar is a potent instrument for subsurface investigation [7,40,41,[51][52][53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

Fang,

Ding,

Feng

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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China accomplished a historic milestone in 2020 when the mission Chang’e-5 (CE-5) to the Lunar’s surface was successfully launched. An extraordinary component of this mission is the “Lunar Regolith Penetrating Radar” (LRPR) housed within its lander, which currently stands as the most advanced payload in terms of vertical resolution among all penetrating radars employed in lunar exploration. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for high-precision research into the interior structure of the shallow lunar regolith. Previous studies have achieved fruitful research results based on the data from LRPR, updating our perception of the shallow-level regolith of the Moon. This paper provides an overview of the new advancements achieved by the LRPR in observing the basic structure of the shallow regolith of the Moon. It places special emphasis on the role played by the LRPR in revealing details about the shallow lunar regolith’s structure, its estimated dielectric properties, the provenance of the regolith materials from the landing area, and its interpretation of the geological stratification at the landing site. Lastly, it envisions the application and developmental trends of in situ radar technology in future lunar exploration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

Fang,

Ding,

Feng

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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“…Drilling (i) is a perforation process that exploits a motor (heat, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric motor) for pushing a drill bit (cutter) into the soil and making a hole. It is the most used method for extraction of water, petroleum, and natural gases; its application is so wide that it has been extended to the space exploration [ 3 – 6 ]. The second method, excavation (ii), is an ancient method used for making wells by means of hoes, shovels, earthmovers, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although all the four above mentioned exploration techniques are widely used, they present some limitations. The main important limitations are: the most successful penetration method (drilling) requires high energetic costs, bulky infrastructure, and high impact on natural environments (not only soil destruction but also damage to surrounding natural areas); the less invasive measurement techniques (geophysical methods) present several drawbacks (e.g., in the electrical resistivity method, the reliability is affected by metal pipes, electrical conductors, and sloping of strata); in the case of seismic survey instead, it is quite accurate for horizontal layers structure but requires large source-receiver offsets [ 1 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Looking at nature, there are many living beings, such as earthworms, wasps, clams, siphons, moles, etc., that can perform penetration and perception tasks in soil [ 3 , 5 , 20 – 24 ]. Among digging organisms, plants are particularly efficient in terms of perforation performance (1 MPa axial stress) and are able to reach considerable depths (up to 100 m [ 25 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A study on plant root apex morphology as a model for soft robots moving in soil

et al. 2018

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Plants use many strategies to move efficiently in soil, such as growth from the tip, tropic movements, and morphological changes. In this paper, we propose a method to translate morphological features of Zea mays roots into a new design of soft robots that will be able to move in soil. The method relies on image processing and curve fitting techniques to extract the profile of Z. mays primary root. We implemented an analytic translation of the root profile in a 3D model (CAD) to fabricate root-like probes by means of 3D printing technology. Then, we carried out a comparative analysis among the artificial root-like probe and probes with different tip shapes (cylindrical, conical, elliptical, and parabolic) and diameters (11, 9, 7, 5, and 3 mm). The results showed that the energy consumption and the penetration force of the bioinspired probe are better with respect to the other shapes for all the diameters of the developed probes. For 100 mm of penetration depth and 7 mm of probe diameter, the energy consumption of the bioinspired probe is 89% lesser with respect to the cylindrical probe and 26% lesser with respect to the conical probe. The penetration performance of the considered tip shapes was evaluated also by means of numerical simulations, obtaining a good agreement with the experimental results. Additional investigations on plant root morphology, movement strategies, and material properties can allow the development of innovative bioinspired solutions exploitable in challenging environments. This research can bring to breakthrough scenarios in different fields, such as exploration tasks, environmental monitoring, geotechnical studies, and medical applications.

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“…In developing the Auto-Gopher (Figure 1), the goal was to demonstrate a scalable technology that makes deep drilling possible when using current launch vehicles and power sources. The Auto-Gopher-1, which was the first generation, has been demonstrated to drill 40 MPa gypsum to a depth of 3 m in the field (Figure 2) [Bar-Cohen and Zacny, 2009;Bar-Cohen et al, 2014;Zacny et al, 2013]. Essentially, this drill is a wireline mechanism that consists of a tube structure that drives the bit in rotation and percussion, and it includes actuators for bit extension and pre-load, and an anchor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auto-Gopher-2 - Wireline Deep Sampler Driven by Percussive Piezoelectric Actuator and Rotary EM Motors

Bar‐Cohen

Zacny

Bădescu

et al. 2016

Advances in Science and Technology

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Two of the key purposes of future NASA’s solar system exploration of planetary bodies are the search for potentially preserved bio-signatures and for habitable regions. To address these objectives, a biologically inspired wireline deep rotary-percussive drill, called Auto-Gopher, has been developed. This drill employs a piezoelectric actuated percussive mechanism for generating impulsive stresses and breaking formations, and an electric motor to rotate the bit to break material and remove the cuttings. Initially, the drill was designed as percussive mechanism for sampling ice and was demonstrated in 2005 at Lake Vida, Antarctica, reaching about 2 m depth. The lessons learned suggested there is a need to augment the percussive action with bit rotation in order to maximize the penetration rate. The first generation implementation of the rotary augmentation was focused on the demonstration of this capability. In 2012, during the 3-day field test, the drill reached a 3-meter deep in gypsum. A separate mechanism was used to break and remove the cores. The average drilling power consumption was in the range of 100-150 Watts, while the rate of penetration was approximately 2.4 m/hr. Currently under development is the second-generation drill, called Auto-Gopher 2. The drill will be fully autonomous. In this paper, the capabilities that are being integrated into the Auto-Gopher-2 are described and discussed.

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Drills as Tools for Media Penetration and Sampling

Cited by 9 publications

References 18 publications

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

In-Situ Radar Observation of Shallow Lunar Regolith at the Chang’E-5 Landing Site: Research Progress and Perspectives

A study on plant root apex morphology as a model for soft robots moving in soil

Auto-Gopher-2 - Wireline Deep Sampler Driven by Percussive Piezoelectric Actuator and Rotary EM Motors

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