This introduction to the special issue "Temperance, Past and Present" identifies main themes of the articles and associated conference, gives a brief historiography of temperance, and surveys "new temperance." Article In 2018, 70 scholars and third-sector workers met at the home of the Livesey Temperance Archive, for a groundbreaking conference: "Radical Temperance: social change and drink, from teetotalism to Dry January," (June 28-9 th , 2018 at the University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK). This volume brings together papers from that conference to form the first temperance-specific issue of SHAD, to offer a forum for discussion of historical and contemporary concepts of temperance. A term once considered outmoded in many circles, "temperance" is now experiencing something of a renaissance. The conference attracted historians, sociologists, literature specialists, and those working in the third sector to support those with alcohol-related issues, from Australia, Japan, Europe (including Scandinavia), around the US, Canada, and across the UK, and the international and disciplinary spread of papers, presentations, roundtables, and discussions by over 70 participants demonstrated the high degree of current interest in this field. The present collection presents, we hope, a representative selection. It also harks back to a key element of the original name of the present Alcohol and Drugs History Society, founded as The Alcohol and Temperance History Group in 1979, and the focus upon debate and variety of approach, as well as the interplay between past and present, reflect ongoing dialogues in the study of addiction to and regulation of substances. But, more significantly, the conference was an illustration of the