Drinking water fluoridation and osteosarcoma incidence on the island of Ireland

Comber, Harry; Deady, Sandra; Montgomery, Edward; Gavin, Anna

doi:10.1007/s10552-011-9765-0

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Disagreement could be linked to fundamental differences in study design; some studies were laboratory-based, 40 , 41 some ecological, 37 , 38 , 43–45 others were case-control 46–48 . Moreover, investigations to date had several methodological limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0-49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980-2005

Blakey

Feltbower

Parslow

et al. 2014

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Background: Artificial fluoridation of drinking water to improve dental health has long been a topic of controversy. Opponents of this public health measure have cited the possibility of bone cancer induction. The study objective was to examine whether increased risk of primary bone cancer was associated with living in areas with higher concentrations of fluoride in drinking water.Methods: Case data on osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma, diagnosed at ages 0–49 years in Great Britain (GB) (defined here as England, Scotland and Wales) during the period 1980–2005, were obtained from population-based cancer registries. Data on fluoride levels in drinking water in England and Wales were accessed through regional water companies and the Drinking Water Inspectorate. Scottish Water provided data for Scotland. Negative binomial regression was used to examine the relationship between incidence rates and level of fluoride in drinking water at small area level.Results: The study analysed 2566 osteosarcoma and 1650 Ewing sarcoma cases. There was no evidence of an association between osteosarcoma risk and fluoride in drinking water [relative risk (RR) per one part per million increase in the level of fluoride = 1·001; 90% confidence interval (CI) 0·871, 1·151] and similarly there was no association for Ewing sarcoma (RR = 0·929; 90% CI 0·773, 1·115).Conclusions: The findings from this study provide no evidence that higher levels of fluoride (whether natural or artificial) in drinking water in GB lead to greater risk of either osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0-49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980-2005

Blakey

Feltbower

Parslow

et al. 2014

International Journal of Epidemiology

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“…Essential metals, such as Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu play a vital role in the biological processes but turn to be toxic above certain concentrations. Several studies have revealed that chlorine contents in water are related to senility, heart disease as well as cancer of the urinary tract, pancreas, liver, colon, and osteosarcomas (Kim et al 2011;Comber et al 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and ecological risk assessment of sediments from settlements within the Birim River basin in Ghana

2018

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Background: Geogenic and anthropogenic activities such as Artisanal and illegal gold mining continue to have negative impacts on the environment and river basins in China. This work studied the hydrogeochemical characteristics of surface water from the Birim River basin and assess the quality of water for human consumption and agricultural activities. In addition, the ecological risk assessment for Cd, Zn, Pb and As in sediment was evaluated using pollution indices. Results:The results show that the turbidity, temperature, colour and iron concentration in the water samples were above the World Health Organization guidelines. Multivariate analysis explained five components that accounted for 98.15% of the overall hydrogeochemistry and affected by anthropogenic and geogenic impacts. The surface water was observed to range from neutral to mildly acidic, with the dominance of HCO 3, and Na + in ionic strength. The Piper diagram reveals five major surface water types: Na-HCO 3 -Cl, Na-Cl-HCO 3 , Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3 , Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3 and Ca-Na-Mg-HCO 3 . The Gibbs plot showed that the major ion chemistry of surface water was mostly influenced by atmospheric precipitation and the water quality index showed that the majority of the surface water from settlements within the Birim River basin were of poor quality for drinking and other domestic purposes. However, irrigation suitability calculations with reference to sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate, and magnesium ratio values, together with Wilcox and USSL models indicated that the surface water within the area under study was suitable for agriculture. The potential ecological risk for single heavy metals pollution and potential toxicity response indices gave low to considerable ecological risks for the sediments, with greater contributions from Cd, Pb and As. Whilst geo-accumulation indices indicated that the sediments ranged from unpolluted to moderately polluted Modified degree of pollution and Nemerow pollution index calculations which incorporate multi-element effects, however, indicated no pollution. Conclusion:There are some levels of both potential ecological risks and health hazards in the study area. Hence continuous monitoring should be undertaken by the relevant agencies and authorities so that various interventions could be put in place to prevent the situation from deteriorating further in order to protect the inhabitants of the settlements within the Birim River basin.

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“…It has been noted that there could be health risks associated with drinking fluoridated water over an extended time and various studies have investigated links between fluoridation and cancer, skin diseases, neurological disorders and skeletal diseases (6,9,(48)(49)(50). In this study, the prevalence of fluoridated water was not significantly associated with predicted osteopenia and osteoporosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fluoridation of public water supplies began in Ireland in 1964 and was extended to major cities and towns by 1970; the effects on oral health have been documented in a series of surveys (3, 4). The safety of water fluoridation has been extensively reviewed, and it was found to have either no detrimental effect on general health or no clear evidence of toxicity (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Nonetheless, fluoridation is controversial in some communities and suspicion remains that it represents a significant health risk (11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Water fluoridation, dentition status and bone health of older people in Ireland

O’Sullivan

O’Connell

2014

Comm Dent Oral Epid

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-Objective: To examine some of the potential benefits and risks of water fluoridation for older adults. Methods: This study used 'The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing', to access a nationally representative sample of 4977 people aged 50 and older. The sample was used to estimate associations between the percentage of households in a respondent's local area with a currently fluoridated water supply and the probability of two binary outcomes: the respondent having all their own teeth and having normal bone density. Past exposure of individuals to fluoridated water was not assessed; the prevalence of fluoridated water in local supplies was obtained from the 2006 Census of Ireland. The Census data indicated that there was considerable variation in the proportion of households with fluoridated water supplies, especially in rural areas. Bone mineral density was estimated from a heel ultrasound of each respondent, and their number of teeth was self-reported. A range of individual variables, such as educational attainment, housing wealth, age and health behaviours, was controlled for. Results: It was found that the greater the percentage of households with a fluoridated water supply in an area, the higher the probability that respondents had all their own teeth. There was no significant relationship between the proportion of households with a fluoridated water supply in an area and bone health. Conclusion: This study suggests that water fluoridation provides a net health gain for older Irish adults, though the effects of fluoridation warrant further investigation.

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Drinking water fluoridation and osteosarcoma incidence on the island of Ireland

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0-49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980-2005

Is fluoride a risk factor for bone cancer? Small area analysis of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma diagnosed among 0-49-year-olds in Great Britain, 1980-2005

Hydrochemical characteristics of surface water and ecological risk assessment of sediments from settlements within the Birim River basin in Ghana

Water fluoridation, dentition status and bone health of older people in Ireland

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