Drinking water microbiological survey of the Northwestern State of Sinaloa, Mexico

BackgroundThe quality of drinking water has always been a major health concern, especially in developing countries, where 80 % of the disease cases are attributed to inadequate sanitation and use of polluted water. The inaccessibility of potable water to large segment of a population in the rural communities is the major health concern in most part of developing countries. This study was designed to evaluate the physico-chemical and bacteriological qualities of drinking water of different sources in the study area.MethodsThe study was conducted at Serbo town and selected kebeles around the same town in Kersa district of Jimma Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Socio-demographic characteristics of the study populations were gathered using structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Standard microbiological methods were employed for determination of bacterial load and detection of coliforms. Physico-chemical analyses [including total dissolved substances (TDS), total suspended substances (TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrate and phosphate concentrations, turbidity and electrical conductivities] were conducted following guidelines of American Public Health Association and WHO. Correlations among measured parameters of water samples collected from different water sources were computed using SPSS software (version 20).ResultOnly 18.1 % (43/237) of the study population had access to tap water in the study area. More than 50 % of the community relies on open field waste disposal. Members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillus and Pseudomonas were among dominant bacterial isolates in the water samples. All water samples collected from unprotected water sources were positive for total coliforms and fecal coliforms (FC). Accordingly, FC were detected in 80 % of the total samples with counts ranging between 0.67 and 266.67 CFU/100 ml although 66.67 % of tap water samples were negative for FC. The recorded temperature and pH ranged between 20.1–29.90 °C and 5.64–8.14, respectively. The lowest and highest mean TDS were 116 and 623 mg/l, respectively. Furthermore, the mean concentration of TSS ranged between 2.07 and 403.33 mg/l. Turbidity, electric conductivity, and nitrate concentration of the water samples ranged, respectively, between 0.01–65.4 NTU, 30.6–729 μS/cm, and below detection limit to 95.80 mg/l. In addition, the mean dissolved oxygen values were found to be between 1.62 and 10.71 mg/l; whereas BOD was within the range of 8–77 mg/l. In all water samples, the concentrations of zinc were within the WHO maximum permissible limits (3 mg/l) although the lead concentration in about 66.7 % of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit (0.01 mg/l).ConclusionThe present study has revealed that some of the bacteriological data and physico-chemical parameters of the different water sources had values beyond the maximum tolerable limits recommended by WHO. Thus, it calls for appropriate intervention, including awareness development work and improving the existing infrastructure in order to minimize the potential hea...

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“…The incidence of Pseudomonas spp. as the third dominant bacteria in the current study was in agreement with report made elsewhere [ 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

2015

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“…In our study, one hundred percent of tap water samples were found to be contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Similar rates of contamination were also found by Islam et al in Dhaka city [ 10 ] and Chaidez et al in Mexico [ 28 ]. But, slightly low rates of contamination were found by Anwar (91.3 %) in Punjab [ 29 ] and Nguendo-Yongsi et al (95 %) in Yaounde [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water versus municipal tap water in Dharan municipality, Nepal

Pant

Poudyal

Bhattacharya

2016

J Health Popul Nutr

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BackgroundWater-related diseases are of great concern in developing countries like Nepal. Every year, there are countless morbidity and mortality due to the consumption of unsafe drinking water. Recently, there have been increased uses of bottled drinking water in an assumption that the bottled water is safer than the tap water and its use will help to protect from water-related diseases. So, the main objective of this study was to analyze the bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water and that of municipal tap water.MethodsA total of 100 samples (76 tap water and 24 bottled water) were analyzed for bacteriological quality and pH. The methods used were spread plate method for total plate count (TPC) and membrane filter method for total coliform count (TCC), fecal coliform count (FCC), and fecal streptococcal count (FSC). pH meter was used for measuring pH.ResultsOne hundred percent of the tap water samples and 87.5 % of the bottled water samples were found to be contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Of the tap water samples, 55.3 % were positive for total coliforms, compared with 25 % of the bottled water. No bottled water samples were positive for fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, in contrast to 21.1 % and 14.5 % of the tap water samples being contaminated with fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci, respectively. One hundred percent of the tap water samples and 54.2 % of the bottled water samples had pH in the acceptable range.ConclusionsAll of the municipal tap water samples and most of the bottled drinking water samples distributed in Dharan municipality were found to be contaminated with one or more than one type of indicator organisms. On the basis of our findings, we may conclude that comparatively, the bottled drinking water may have been safer (than tap water) to drink.

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“…Though slightly higher to present study, the recovery rate of thermotolerant Coliform was found low that is 19.6% (Aryal 2009) to 23.3% (Shrestha 2008). Chaidez et al (2008), detected 46% Total coliform and 26% faecal coliform in drinking water conducted in Mexico. The reason for such a high percentage of total coliform in drinking water may be due to the depletion of the residual chlorine through the pipeline and the water may gets contaminated due to leakage, rusty pipelines or sewage contamination.…”

Section: The Mean Free Residual Chlorine (Frc) Mean Combinedmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Drinking Water Supplied from Distribution Systems of Kathmandu Municipality

Shakya

Joshi

et al. 2013

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology

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Microbial pathogens in drinking water are primary cause in gastrointestinal and waterborne diarrheal diseases. Public health authorities still have not achieved success in controlling the most common waterborne diseases in Nepal. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of drinking water supplied from distribution system of Kathmandu. A total of 114 water samples were collected from 4 distribution stations. The physicochemical and microbiological analyses of water were conducted. Heterotrophic plate count (HPC), detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria and antibiotics susceptibility test were done. Distinct variations in physicochemical parameters were observed. The mean free residual chlorine was found 0.24mg/l. Total Coliforms were found in 61.4% (70/114) of water samples among which 15.7% (11/70) had thermotolerant Coliforms. In distance, coliforms were found higher in far points (p=0.002). All thermotolerant Coliforms were identified as Escherichia coli. Mean HPC of water was found log103.15. The mean HPC of water (p=0.003) was found higher in far point. In collected samples, 10 different enteric bacteria were isolated in which E. coli was found most predominant followed by Pseudomonas spp., Citrobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp., Enterobacter spp. Non-Typhii Salmonella spp., Providencia spp., Edwardsiella spp. In antibiotics susceptibility test, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin were found most efficient (100%) and whereas Ampicillin (11.5%) was least effective. Multiple antibiotics resistance was found among 5.3% of isolates. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 179-184 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7733

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Drinking water microbiological survey of the Northwestern State of Sinaloa, Mexico

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Physico-chemical and bacteriological quality of drinking water of different sources, Jimma zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Bacteriological quality of bottled drinking water versus municipal tap water in Dharan municipality, Nepal

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of Drinking Water Supplied from Distribution Systems of Kathmandu Municipality

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