Drinking-water nitrate and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Essien, Eno E.; Kassim, Said Abasse; Côté, André; Mohamed, Kassim Said; Baig, Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf; Habib, Murad; Naveed, Muhammad; Yu, Xiaofang; Xie, Weihua; Jin, Sun Woo; Abbas, Muhammad

doi:10.1080/19338244.2020.1842313

Cited by 50 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…N fertilizers also leach from the soil profile to underground water systems, contributing to the eutrophication of water bodies (Withers et al ., 2014 ). Nitrate contamination of public water resources increased significantly with the use of N fertilizers and may pose serious health challenges to the general population (Essien et al ., 2020 ). In addition, the production of industrial ammonia from atmospheric nitrogen (Haber‐Bosch process) is energy‐intensive and the production of nitrogen fertilizers is predicted to consume 2% of global energy by 2050 (Glendining et al ., 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic modification of flavone biosynthesis in rice enhances biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria and biological nitrogen fixation

Yan

Tajima

Cline

et al. 2022

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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Improving biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in cereal crops is a long-sought objective; however, no successful modification of cereal crops showing increased BNF has been reported. Here, we described a novel approach in which rice plants were modified to increase the production of compounds that stimulated biofilm formation in soil diazotrophic bacteria, promoted bacterial colonization of plant tissues and improved BNF with increased grain yield at limiting soil nitrogen contents. We first used a chemical screening to identify plant-produced compounds that induced biofilm formation in nitrogen-fixing bacteria and demonstrated that apigenin and other flavones induced BNF. We then used CRISPR-based gene editing targeting apigenin breakdown in rice, increasing plant apigenin contents and apigenin root exudation. When grown at limiting soil nitrogen conditions, modified rice plants displayed increased grain yield. Biofilm production also modified the root microbiome structure, favouring the enrichment of diazotrophic bacteria recruitment. Our results support the manipulation of the flavone biosynthetic pathway as a feasible strategy for the induction of biological nitrogen fixation in cereals and a reduction in the use of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic modification of flavone biosynthesis in rice enhances biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria and biological nitrogen fixation

Yan

Tajima

Cline

et al. 2022

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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“…Our study found that maternal nitrate intake during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of brain tumors (19). Although a metaanalysis of seven studies also found that higher nitrate concentrations in water were associated with a greater risk of brain tumors (RR=1.15, 95% CI:1.06-1.24), the study included both adults and children; no single population analysis was performed (40). Only two previous studies had shown that higher maternal nitrite intake during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors in children (17,25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Association Between Dietary Nitrite intake and Glioma Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Zhang

Jiang

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundNitrite and nitrate intake through food and water may be an important risk factor for many cancers, including glioma. However, the association of nitrite and nitrate with glioma is unclear.ObjectiveThis review aimed to quantitatively assess the effects of nitrite and nitrate on glioma by meta-analysis.MethodsA literature search was conducted for available articles published in English using the databases of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library up to 24 March 2022. According to heterogeneity, the fixed-effects or random-effects model was selected to obtain the merger’s relative risk (RR). Based on the methods described by Greenland and Longnecker, we explored the dose-response relationship between nitrite/nitrate and the risk of glioma. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were also used.ResultsThis study reviewed 17 articles, including 812,107 participants and 4,574 cases. For glioma in adults, compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of nitrite significantly increased the risk of glioma (RR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (95%CI):1.09-1.47). For brain tumors in children, compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of nitrate significantly increased the risk of brain tumors (RR=1.27, 95%CI:1.06-1.52). The results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses remained unchanged. In the dose-response relationship, per 1 mg/day increase in nitrite intake increased the risk of glioma by 14% (RR=1.14, 95%CI:1.01-1.27).ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that nitrite increases the risk of glioma in adults, while nitrate increases the risk of brain tumors in children. Therefore, the effects of nitrite and nitrate on glioma cannot be ignored.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022320295.

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“…Scientific evidence suggests that food/diet is most convincingly linked to cancer of the lung, stomach, rectum, colon, pharynx, nasopharynx, esophagus, and mouth [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. Filtration and purification of drinking water from both private and public sources before consumption is extremely important because several studies have shown that the consumption of nitrate and nitrite from drinking water, even in a very small amount, over a long period can lead to cancer (a chronic disease) and other health issues [ 31 , 84 , 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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Background: People consume nitrates, nitrites, nitrosamines, and NOCs compounds primarily through processed food. Many studies have yielded inconclusive results regarding the association between cancer and dietary intakes of nitrates and nitrites. This study aimed to quantify these associations across the reported literature thus far. Methods: We performed a systematic review following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A literature search was performed using Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane library, and google scholar up to January 2020. STATA version 12.0 was used to conduct meta-regression and a two-stage meta-analysis. Results: A total of 41 articles with 13 different cancer sites were used for analysis. Of these 13 cancer types/sites, meta-regression analysis showed that bladder and stomach cancer risk was greater, and that pancreatic cancer risk was lower with increasing nitrite intakes. Kidney and bladder cancer risk were both lower with increasing nitrate intakes. When comparing highest to lowest (reference) categories of intake, meta-analysis of studies showed that high nitrate intake was associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.77). When pooling all intake categories and comparing against the lowest (reference) category, higher nitrite intake was associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22). No other associations between cancer risk and dietary intakes of nitrates or nitrites were observed. Conclusion: This study showed varied associations between site-specific cancer risks and dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite. Glioma, bladder, and stomach cancer risks were higher and pancreatic cancer risk was lower with higher nitrite intakes, and thyroid cancer risk was higher and kidney cancer risk lower with higher nitrate intakes. These data suggest type- and site-specific effects of cancer risk, including protective effects, from dietary intakes of nitrate and nitrite.

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Drinking-water nitrate and cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 72 publications

Genetic modification of flavone biosynthesis in rice enhances biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria and biological nitrogen fixation

Genetic modification of flavone biosynthesis in rice enhances biofilm formation of soil diazotrophic bacteria and biological nitrogen fixation

Association Between Dietary Nitrite intake and Glioma Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Association between Dietary Nitrate, Nitrite Intake, and Site-Specific Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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