Drinking water quality and monitoring in North Africa: the Moroccan experience

Abouzaid, Houssain; Echihabi, L.

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)04678-x

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, in most of the developing countries there are no national standards for the quality of drinking water [32]. In such countries, other researchers [29, 33 -35] have used the WHO drinking water guideline values [25] for the comparison.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination of Drinking Water in the Pearl Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Javaid¹,

Shah

Chaudhary

et al. 2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The aim of this study was to assess trace metal contamination of drinking water in the Pearl Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Pakistan). The objectives were to determine physical properties and the dissolved concentration of five trace metals, i. e., lead, copper, nickel, zinc, and manganese, in drinking water samples collected from various sites of municipal water supply, natural water springs and wells in the valley. Concentrations of the metals in the water samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Results showed physical parameters, i. e., appearance, taste and odor within acceptable limits and pH was between 5.5 and 7.0. The observed concentrations of the metals varied between sources of water samples and between sampling sites. Maximum dissolved concentration observed was 4.7 mg/L for Pb and Mn, 4.6 mg/L for Zn, 2.9 mg/L for Ni and 2.8 mg/L for Cu. The observed concentrations of the metals were compared with the World Health Organization's guideline values for drinking water. Overall, the quality of water samples taken from the water springs at Mutyal Mara and Bonjosa was good; however, the water quality was unsuitable for drinking in Kiraki, Kharick, and Pothi Bala localities particularly. Finally, the authors discuss possible causes for increased concentrations of the trace metals in drinking water in the study area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination of Drinking Water in the Pearl Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Javaid¹,

Shah

Chaudhary

et al. 2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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“…Taylor et al (2004), reviewing available geochemical data from urban areas in subSaharan Africa, found fewer than 10 studies that included urban groundwater nitrate and chloride concentrations and concluded that the quality of groundwater in urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa has been the subject of very few detailed studies and rising nitrate concentrations have been identified as a concern in North African countries such as Morocco (Abouzaid & Echihabi 1995 The slab is moved alternately between pits, the first pit being emptied only when the second pit is completely full. The Arborloo (Morgan 2005) sees a young fruit tree planted on the site of a full latrine pit and formalizes a practice that has been in evidence in Niassa for decades (Breslin 2001).…”

Section: Rapid Urbanisation Typically Results In Densely Populatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanisation effects on groundwater chemical quality: findings focusing on the nitrate problem from 2 African cities reliant on on-site sanitation

Cronin

Hoadley

Gibson³

et al. 2007

Journal of Water and Health

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By 2010 Africa's urban population will have grown to over 420 million with on-site sanitation the predominant excreta disposal option. The use of on-site sanitation has important public health benefits but can result in large faecally derived loadings of nitrogen and chloride to groundwater resources. Nitrate is of particular concern, with elevated concentrations linked to potentially serious health problems. N and Cl can derive from natural sources so it is important to quantify the additional impact of human activities. Several authors have used empirical relationships between nitrate and chloride concentrations to assess the extent to which excreta influences groundwater quality. However, these relationships have assumed fixed loadings from excreta. other African cities to allow the calculation of a general nitrate and chloride relationship for unsewered African urban areas. Potential interventions to help arrest rising nitrate levels and so provide a public health benefit are also examined.

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“…In Northwest Morocco, as in many countries of the world, ground water is the main source of drinking water and a significant source of agricultural supply (Abouzaid and Echihabi, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%