Drinking water quality problem in Haryana, India: prediction of human health risks, economic burden and assessment of possible intervention options

Abstract

The present study was carried out in Jhajjar district of Haryana state, India, to understand the burden of diseases due to consumption of contaminated drinking water. About 630 respondents in villages, namely Kablana, Talao, Shekhupur Jat, Hassanpur, Babra and Kheri Asra, were interviewed for the quality of water they consumed from different sources such as government supply stations, hand pumps, tube wells, tanks, etc., and its overall impact on their health was analysed. The study considered both geogenic and anthropogenic contamination in drinking water sources and found that nearly 15% of the sampled population suffered with water-related health issues, of which 6% faced frequent episodes of stomach infection, and 9% were detected with mild to moderate dental fluorosis. Several cases of stones, severe joint pain, and backbone pain were also observed. The average medical expenses incurred by the villagers are in the range of Rs. 1000-2000 per month (approximately $17-$34 per month) for treatment owing to drinking of polluted and contaminated groundwater. Overall finding of the study indicates that unavailability of treated water supply, usage of groundwater with high to very high concentration of geogenic contaminants in groundwater such as fluoride and salinity, and use of water from open surface water resources are causing health problems to people in Jhajjar district. Use of contaminated water is causing economic burden to the villagers in terms of expenditure on health or water treatment by various means, which can be addressed by implementing various in situ and ex situ water management and treatment techniques suggested as intervention options, suitable for the study area.

Fluoride Content in Groundwater of Bapoli Block of Panipat (Ncr) Haryana, India

“…agrochemicals). The health risk due to consumption of drinking water with high dissolved salts reported from Haryana by Gupta and Misra (2018).…”

Hydro-chemistry of groundwater in a North Indian city and its suitability assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes

“…Mor et al (2009) mentioned that K is a key player in several metabolism intermediary biological pathways. Gupta and Misra (2018) also reported water related health risks in Haryana due to high concentration of dissolved salts.…”

Dynamics in a reaction-diffusion epidemic model via environmental driven infection in heterogenous space

“…Consider the expression (16). First of all, it is easy to observe that when f (S 0 ) decreases, then R 0 also decreases.…”

“…Clearly, in the general case of model (2), the calculation of R 0 is very difficult by the spectral radius of operator L or formula (16). Therefore, if we can easily verify assumption (H 3 ) holds, it sufficiently implies the global asymptotic stability of disease-free equilibrium W 0 (x) = (S 0 (x), 0, 0) of model (2).…”

“…In recent years, due to serious damage to the ecological environment, water and food have been polluted to varying degrees (see [16,20]). In addition, the lack of attention to the hygiene of the dining environment increases the chance of people contracting diseases from the environment (see [9]).…”