Driven Performance of Electric Vehicles in Edinburgh and Its Environs

Abstract

Fuelled by energy security problems and urban air pollution challenges, several countries worldwide have set the objective to gradually eliminate petrol and diesel cars. The increasing support from government and demands for environmental friendly means of transportation are accelerating the use of battery electric vehicles. However, it is indispensable to have accurate and complete information about their behaviour in different traffic situations and road conditions. For the experimental analysis carried out in this study, three different electric vehicles from the Edinburgh College leasing program were equipped and tracked to obtain over 50 GPS and energy consumption data for short distance journeys in the Edinburgh area and long-range tests between Edinburgh and Bristol (UK). The results showed that the vehicles’ energy intensities were significantly affected by the driving cycle pattern, with a noticeable diminution due to low temperatures. It was found that the real available range of the electric vehicle in some situations could be 17% lower than the predicted mileage shown in the dashboard of the vehicle. The difference from the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) values was even higher. The study has also provided a discussion on the effect of the electricity mix on carbon emission reduction.

Possibilities and Challenges for the Inclusion of the Electric Vehicle (EV) to Reduce the Carbon Footprint in the Transport Sector: A Review

“…The available range of EVs provided by companies are not true for most cases and often up to 17% lower ranges than predicted mileage also occur [134]. Ultrafast charging facilities are now coming into the scenario.…”

Environmental impact assessment of green energy systems for power supply of electric vehicle charging station

“…59 Milligan et al conducted an analysis related to "driven performance of Electric Vehicles in Edinburgh and its environs," where an argumentation is provided on the impact of the electricity mix on carbon emission decreasing. 60 Li et al conducted in Reference 61 a research on EV carbon emissions during the whole life cycle. According to the analyzes carried out by the authors, it follows that the CO 2 emissions of EVs of the same weight class are 24% to 31% higher than those of conventional fuel vehicles, which is due to the current composition of the electricity grid mix in China.…”

“…Thiel et al analyzed the EV societal impacts and infrastructure deployment at EU scale, specifically they analyze the likely impact of related plans of the EU member states 59 . Milligan et al conducted an analysis related to “ driven performance of Electric Vehicles in Edinburgh and its environs ,” where an argumentation is provided on the impact of the electricity mix on carbon emission decreasing 60 …”

Review on Construction Procedures of Driving Cycles

“…That is why GPS is usually used as a supplement (taking into account altitude values, identifying stopping points, etc.) [35] [47] [48] or checking and correcting the values measured with on board instrument [32] [39] [43]. They can also be used to determine the nature of travel (downtown, suburban, express) or to connect the result of measuring to Geographic Information System (GIS) software [42] [43] [49].…”