Driver model for the analysis of pre-accident situations

Abstract

The study presents a brief description of driver models found in the literature. Despite the large number of models, in the case of pre-accident situations the existing driver models cannot be successfully used to reconstruct driver behaviour. A driver model adequate to this type of situation has been proposed. The scenario of a pre-accident situation has been described briefly. The article aims to present the results of identification of the driver model parameters on the basis of the results of track tests. An analysis of the obtained characteristics of the turning angle and deceleration has been made. The drivers studied have been divided into groups according to similar types of reactions. The identification has been conducted for the pre-defined four driver groups. Values and reaction time linear regression equations have been specified for braking and wheel turns on the track. The results of identification of the remaining model parameters on the basis of test results have been presented.

Young Adult Drivers: Simulated Behaviour in a Car-following Situation

“…The assumed value of the braking response time was either shorter or longer than the one obtained on the test track or in the simulator [23]. Of importance is the fact that the values of the driver response time for identical situations determined during tests on the track and tests in the simulator are different but correlated [20]. The diagram of a hypothetical road situation is presented in Figure 3.…”

“…Driver performance has been studied for many years and the tests have been conducted under real road conditions, on test tracks [18,19,20,21] as well as in driving simulators [22,23]. The investigations carried out under different circumstances and in different test environments have some advantages and disadvantages.…”

“…If a constant value of the initial speed is assumed, the response time increases with the time to collision (TTC), which is a parameter used in numerous analyses [19,20]. The difference in the median value is almost 0.5 s for the response time determined at distances of 10 m and 50 m. It should be borne in mind, however, that a vehicle moving at a speed of 100 km/h covers a distance of 27.8 m in 1 second so, in many cases, responses are initiated either at the moment the vehicle collides into or begins to steer away from the preceding vehicle.…”

“…Recently, because of technological progress, research has been undertaken to determine the effect of gadgets, including car multimedia systems and cellular phones [10,11,12,13]. Investigations into the use of mobile phone during motorway driving in a car-following situation have been carried out on younger (aged [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] and older (aged 65-74) drivers [14].…”

Driver behaviour in unexpected critical events and in repeated exposures – a comparison

“…An important goal of driver behaviour research is to find simple phenomenological relations that explain driver behaviour in certain situations. Examples of such behaviour could, for instance, be braking behaviour as a function of headway to an obstacle [8], or steering behaviour as a function of perceptual inputs [14].…”