Driver performance effects of simultaneous visual and cognitive distraction and adaptation behavior

Evaluation of Strategies for Integrated Classification of Visual-Manual and Cognitive Distractions in Driving

“…The experiment results presented by Rogers et al (2011) and Kaber et al (2012) (see Table 1) confirmed the dominating effect of visualmanual distraction on driver eye behavior. In general, drivers showed an increased number of off-road glances and off-road glance durations when they were under visual-manual or simultaneous distraction states as compared to no distraction state.…”

The culture of distracted driving: Evidence from a public opinion survey in Iowa

“…In a study by Kaber et al, (2012), 20 healthy young drivers between 16 and 21 years of age (10 females and 10 males) were given two driving tasks (passing and following) as well as various distraction tasks. The results indicated that visual and cognitive driven have independent and combined effect on driving performance, visual behavior and workload.…”

The Critical Tracking Task

“…Although it might have increased the value of the task if it would be able to detect cognitive distraction as well, the fact that mainly visual distraction affected CTT performance underscores the similarities between the CTT and the operational level of driving. When comparing visual and cognitive distraction, Kaber, Liang, Zhang, Rogers, and Gangakhedkar (2012) found that the presence of visual distraction led to larger steering errors. Accordingly, Liang and Lee (2010) reported that visual distraction went with abrupt steering control, large lane variance, and delayed reactions to lead vehicle brake events, results they did not find for cognitive distraction.…”