Drivers' judgments of the effect of headlight glare on their ability to see pedestrians at night

Borzendowski, Stephanie A. Whetsel; Sewall, Ashley A. Stafford; Rosopa, Patrick J.; Tyrrell, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2015.03.001

Cited by 36 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Yet problems associated with variations in traffic flow can be problematic. An alternate approach, adopted to overcome this issue, uses roads with low traffic density and discards trials in which extraneous vehicles happen to be present . From the perspective of a participant, the test situation is no different from a typical drive, yet the procedure ensures that data are not confounded by the presence of other vehicles which could add varying degrees of glare and distraction.…”

Section: Experimental Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From the pedestrians' perspectives, the headlights of an oncoming vehicle appear to be extremely bright, leading them to assume that they are visible when in fact they are not. Researchers have repeatedly demonstrated that pedestrians overestimate their own visibility to approaching drivers at night . Pedestrians also fail to appreciate the extent to which their conspicuity depends on their clothing and their judgments of their own conspicuity are not significantly reduced even when headlamp intensity is reduced by 97 per cent …”

Section: Selective Visual Impairment and The Need For Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Tyrrell

Wood

Owens

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Drivers' visual limitations are a leading contributor to night-time traffic crashes involving pedestrians. This paper reviews the basic changes in vision that occur at night for young and old visually healthy drivers, as well as those with common ocular pathology. To maximise their safety at night, pedestrians should be conspicuous. That is, beyond being simply visible (detectable as an ambiguous object), they should attract the attention of drivers and be readily perceivable as pedestrians. Research has established that the conspicuity of pedestrians can be optimised by attaching retroreflective markings to the pedestrian's extremities. Doing so highlights the pedestrian's 'biological motion,' which facilitates the accurate perception of a person; however, retroreflective markings on the torso (for example, vests) are less effective. Importantly, behavioural evidence indicates that most road users -drivers and pedestrians alikeare not aware of the limitations of night vision. For example, drivers typically 'overdrive' the useful range of their headlight beams and under-use their high beam headlight setting. Further, pedestrians overestimate their own conspicuity at night and fail to appreciate the extent to which their own conspicuity depends on their clothing. The widespread misunderstanding of the challenges associated with night driving reflects a lack of awareness of the fundamental limitations of night vision. Educational interventions are needed to ameliorate these dangerous misunderstandings and to improve the safety of all road users at night.

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Section: Experimental Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selective Visual Impairment and The Need For Educationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Tyrrell

Wood

Owens

et al. 2016

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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show abstract

“…This figure shows that the abruptness degree felt by the drivers follows similar trends in different programs. The average abruptness degrees for the four programs are 15.4%, 20.62%, 37.21%, 79.34%, 82.19%, 83.38%, and 90.23% for height differences of 4,5,6,7,8,9, and 10 cm, respectively. There is a large increase in the abruptness degree when the height difference is 6-7 cm, and the drivers feel a similar degree of abruptness when the height difference is 8, 9, and 10 cm.…”

Section: Simulation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…At night, the headlamps of an oncoming vehicle may cause harmful glare that interferes with the sight of drivers [6]. Installing antiglare facilities along the road is an economical and feasible method for solving the glare problem caused by the headlamps of oncoming vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of the Height of Antiglare Panels along Concave Vertical Curves

Liang

Dong

et al. 2018

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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This study introduces a method for calculating the height of antiglare panels for concave vertical curves. The concave vertical curve is divided into a straight-slope section, transition section, and middle section. The height of the antiglare panels in the middle section is designed based on the glare distance. The height in the straight-slope section is designed based on the height calculation formula given by the Chinese standard. The height of the antiglare panels in the middle section is greater than that in the straight-slope section. There should be a gradual transition in the height difference of the antiglare panels in the transition section. The height gradient of the antiglare panels in the transition section must be designed to ensure visual continuity and comfort for drivers. In the transition section, the transition design is carried out on the height difference of the antiglare panels using the UC-Win/Road simulation software to determine the acceptable height difference for drivers. When the radius of the concave vertical curve does not exceed 30,000 m, the height of the antiglare panel is required to be designed, and the height difference should not exceed 6 cm.

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“…An important parameter that influences visibility during night is the headlamps glare from the oncoming vehicle. This parameter decreases the pedestrian visibility during nighttime (Borzendowski et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Research Regarding Night-Time Pedestrian Visibility

Tolea

Truşcă

Antonya

2015

Proceedings of the European Automotive Congress EAEC-ESFA 2015

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The main objective of the paper is to determine the night-time visibility of a pedestrian on public road, using clothing articles with different colors. In order to achieve the main objective, luminance measurements were made, using different colored clothing articles at various distances from the vehicle. During the testing procedures, photos were taken, which were processed with specialized software in order to determine the visibility of the pedestrian at different distances. Experimental data together with the data obtained by image processing can lead to a clear conclusion regarding the night-time pedestrian visibility and the influence of the clothing articles color.

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Drivers' judgments of the effect of headlight glare on their ability to see pedestrians at night

Cited by 36 publications

References 15 publications

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

The conspicuity of pedestrians at night: a review

Design of the Height of Antiglare Panels along Concave Vertical Curves

Research Regarding Night-Time Pedestrian Visibility

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