Drivers of CO2-Emissions in Fossil Fuel Abundant Settings: (Pooled) Mean Group and Nonparametric Panel Analyses

Abstract

The present inquiry addresses the income-environment relationship in oil-producing countries and scrutinizes the further drivers of atmospheric pollution in the respective settings. The existing literature that tests the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within the framework of the black-box approaches provides only a bird’s-eye perspective on the long-run income-environment relationship. The aspiration behind this study is making the first step toward the disentanglement of the sources of carbon dioxide emissions, which could be employed in the pollution mitigation policies of this group of countries. Based on the combination of two strands of literature, the environmental Kuznets curve conjecture and the resource curse, the paper at hand proposes an augmented theoretical framework of this inquiry. To approach the research questions empirically, the study employs advanced panel cointegration techniques. To avoid econometric misspecification, the study also employs for the first time a nonparametric time-varying coefficient panel data estimator with fixed effects (NPFE) for the dataset of 37 oil-producing countries in the time interval spanning between 1989 and 2019. The empirical analysis identifies the level of per capita income, the magnitude of oil rents, the share of fossil fuel-based electricity generation in the energy mix, and the share of the manufacturing sector in GDP as essential drivers of carbon dioxide emissions in the oil-rich countries. Tertiarization, on the contrary, leads to a substantial reduction of emissions. Another striking result of this study is that level of political rights and civil liberties are negatively associated with per capita carbon emissions in this group of countries. Furthermore, the study decisively rejects an inverted U-shaped income-emission relationship and validates the monotonically or exponentially increasing impact of average income on carbon dioxide emissions.

Crop Residue Removal: Assessment of Future Bioenergy Generation Potential and Agro-Environmental Limitations Based on a Case Study of Ukraine

“…The country's dependency on foreign energy supply also remains critical (considering its unstable relations with its main long-time energy supplier, the Russian Federation [59]) as, in the same year, 36.5% of Ukraine's total energy supply was imported [60]. Decarbonization, being another key goal of the global renewable energy development goes in line with the growth of biomass utilization, yet presents itself as a complex issue [61] that needs to be considered and resolved wisely. Therefore, for Ukraine, the utilization of bioenergy generation potential is among the key perspective development directions available, and only under conditions of the efficient transformation of energy structure and the appearance of more beneficial (both economically and environmentally) energy generation technologies compared to biomass-based ones will further changes be possible.…”

The role of governance in quality education in sub‐Saharan Africa

“…2014; Sadik‐Zada et al . 2019a, 2019b; Sadik‐Zada 2020; Sadik‐Zada and Ferrari 2020; Niklas and Sadik‐Zada 2019; Sadik‐Zada and Loewenstein 2020).…”

An extensive data set on energy, economy, environmental pollution and institutional quality in the petroleum-reliant developing and transition economies

“…The list of countries which are represented in the data set is given in Table 1 . A selected sample of data series from the data set have been employed in Sadik-Zada & Gatto [12] and Sadik-Zada & Loewenstein [13] . The data set at hand is built on the wake of extensive panel data sets on sustainable energy economics and policy [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] .…”