Drivers of invasive tree and shrub natural regeneration in temperate forests

Dyderski, Marcin K.; Jagodziński, Andrzej M.

doi:10.1007/s10530-018-1706-3

Cited by 58 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The relative abundance of Q. rubra in Polish forests is increasing over time (Woziwoda, Potocki, et al, ). Our empirically parameterized simulations predict that as Q. rubra becomes more dominant, its release from apparent predation will increase its propagule pressure, likely accelerating the pace of the invasion (Dyderski & Jagodziński, ; Jagodziński, Dyderski, Horodecki, & Rawlik, ; Myczko, Dylewski, Zduniak, Sparks, & Tryjanowski, ; Theoharides & Dukes, ; Von Holle & Simberloff, ). However, our model also predicts that per capita survival of Q. petraea acorns will increase as Q. rubra becomes increasingly dominant because higher proportions of the native seeds will experience the positive effects of indirect interactions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer‐mediated indirect interaction with a native plant lowers the fitness of an invasive competitor

2018

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Seed dispersal is a primary driver, via propagule pressure, of biological invasions. In animal‐dispersed plants, theory predicts that indirect ecological interactions at the neighbourhood scale may determine landscape‐scale patterns of seed dispersal and predation, and thus invasion. Indirect interactions in seed dispersal may arise between two plant species if shared seed dispersal agents adjust their foraging decisions to the relative frequencies of co‐occurring seeds. We used seed‐tracking experiments and empirically parameterized simulations to test the hypothesis that an indirect interaction between two plant species, mediated by scatterhoarding rodents that both consume and disperse seeds, affects recruitment of an invasive tree. We predicted that acorns of Quercus rubra (invasive in Central Europe) would experience higher caching (and therefore survival) rates when they co‐occurred with native Quercus petraea than when they occurred in isolation, that Q. petraea acorns would survive at lower rates with Q. rubra relative to isolation, and that this interaction would facilitate Q. rubra seedling recruitment in Q. petraea forests. Contrary to expectations, the presence of Q. petraea reduced caching of Q. rubra acorns, and co‐occurrence with Q. rubra increased caching of Q. petraea. Thus, a rodent‐mediated indirect interaction may be slowing rather than facilitating the Q. rubra invasion. However, our simulations indicate that the magnitude of this indirect interaction will change nonlinearly as Q. rubra becomes more dominant on the landscape, and that the pace of invasion will accelerate as the alien species is released from the rodent‐mediated effect of Q. petraea. Synthesis. The presence of native Quercus petraea decreases recruitment rates of Quercus rubra, and consequently, slows down the invasion process. The strong dependence of pairwise interactions on the presence of a third‐party species emphasizes the role of indirect interactions in the invasion processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumer‐mediated indirect interaction with a native plant lowers the fitness of an invasive competitor

2018

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“…The area of study plots varied as we aimed to investigate as large an area as possible, but plot area was limited by stand homogeneity. Study plots were arranged in 21 blocks to describe tree stands for natural regeneration studies of three invasive tree species [39,43]. There were nine blocks for Quercus rubra L. and six for Prunus serotina Ehrh.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This influence gives P. serotina an impact, especially high in cases of changing species composition of understory vegetation [89,90]. As young regeneration of P. serotina requires light to grow [39,86,91], decrease of light availability would stop further invasion of P. serotina beneath already invaded canopies. However, due to vegetative regeneration, as well as high number of seedlings able to survive in less-suitable conditions for a few years [39,91,92], it is able to develop a persistent sapling bank [87].…”

Section: Impacts Of Alien Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As young regeneration of P. serotina requires light to grow [39,86,91], decrease of light availability would stop further invasion of P. serotina beneath already invaded canopies. However, due to vegetative regeneration, as well as high number of seedlings able to survive in less-suitable conditions for a few years [39,91,92], it is able to develop a persistent sapling bank [87]. Although impact of P. serotina on LAI is lower than impact of native shrubs, this species is able to reach higher BA, making its quantity the most important driver of light availability modification.…”

Section: Impacts Of Alien Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value varies light availability under open sky by around 5%-10% [32,36,37].Despite numerous studies confirming light availability limitation by alien species, few studies compare their influence with functionally analogous native competitors. Most studies on invasive plants focused rather on conditions favoring their establishment than their impacts [33,38,39]. For that reason we aimed to assess how much leaf area index (LAI, m 2 of leaves m −2 stand area) determines light availability on the forest floor and whether alien, invasive trees contribute more to canopy foliage area (expressed by LAI) than native species, assuming similar contributions to stem quantity (expressed as basal area, BA, m 2 ha −1 ).…”

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Similar Impacts of Alien and Native Tree Species on Understory Light Availability in a Temperate Forest

Dyderski

Jagodziński

2019

Forests

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Research Highlights: We evaluated influence of alien and native trees and shrubs on stand leaf area index to basal area ratio, indicating that both groups provide similar amounts of foliage. Background and Objectives: Foliage traits determine tree species effect on understory light availability. Direct comparisons of understory light availability due to different foliage traits of tree species are conducted less often at the stand level. We hypothesized that light availability is driven by canopy leaf area, and alien species contribution to canopy foliage will be similar to native species due to analogous patterns of biomass allocation in tree species. Materials and Methods: We studied forests dominated by alien and native tree species in Wielkopolski National Park (Western Poland). We measured light availability using the LAI-2200 canopy analyzer (Li-Cor Inc., Lincoln, NE, USA) and we calculated leaf area index (LAI) in 170 stands using published models of foliage biomass and data on specific leaf area. Results: Our study confirmed an impact of LAI on light availability in the understory layer. Analyzing the proportion of contribution to stand LAI and basal area (BA) we found that most alien species did not differ in LAI to BA ratio from native species. The exception was Prunus serotina Ehrh., with a LAI to BA ratio higher than all native and alien trees. However, the highest LAI to BA ratios we found were for the alien shrub Cotoneaster lucidus Schltdl. and native shrubs of fertile broadleaved forests. Conclusions: Our study showed that alien species contribution to shading the understory is comparable to native species, with the exception of P. serotina due to its dominance in the higher shrub canopy strata where it exhibits different patterns of biomass allocation than native trees. Our study explained that invasive tree species impact on light availability in forest ecosystems is mainly mediated by the increased quantity of foliage, not by more effective LAI to BA ratio.Light interception by canopy is one of the most important drivers of understory functioning. High light availability determines understory productivity [26][27][28]. It is also one of the most important drivers of plant species composition [24,29,30], as well as soil biota [21]. It is also crucial for regeneration of canopy species [31][32][33]. Usually minimum light availability for sapling survival is higher for pioneer tree species than mid-and late-successional tree species [25,34,35]. This value varies light availability under open sky by around 5%-10% [32,36,37].Despite numerous studies confirming light availability limitation by alien species, few studies compare their influence with functionally analogous native competitors. Most studies on invasive plants focused rather on conditions favoring their establishment than their impacts [33,38,39]. For that reason we aimed to assess how much leaf area index (LAI, m 2 of leaves m −2 stand area) determines light availability on the forest floor and whether alien, invasive trees contribute mo...

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Verified hypotheses on the “nurse” and “burial” effects on introduced Quercus rubra regeneration in a mesic Scots pine forest

Woziwoda,

Dyderski,

Gręda

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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A previous study on the encroachment of North American northern red oak Quercus rubra L. into the mesic Scots pine forest (in central Poland) revealed high abundances of seedlings and saplings under shrubs, with lower abundances in open areas or clumps of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. It was unclear whether the regeneration success of Q. rubra is enhanced by the presence of shrubs due to their “nurse effect”, and how burying acorns of different sizes in soil or moss affects the survival of oak seeds and seedlings (a “burial effect”). Results of a previous observational study were verified in an experimental study: a pool of 900 large‐, medium‐, and small‐sized acorns was sown under moss cover in open areas and within bilberry clumps and in soil under shrubs in 2018 and monitored for 3 years in natural conditions. The majority of sown acorns were lost, mainly due to acorn pilferage, lack of germination and the death of sprouting acorns. However, acorn and seedling survival depended significantly on acorn size and differed among the microsites studied. Viable seedlings were twice as likely to develop from large‐ and medium‐sized as from small‐sized acorns, and they grew mainly from acorns sown under moss cover, confirming a positive “burial effect.” Seedling survival was three times higher in bilberry and open areas, than under shrubs; however, seedlings “nursed” by shrubs were less threatened by large ungulates. Only a small part of the pool of sown acorns contributes to the reproductive success of Q. rubra in the mesic Scots pine forest. Microsites characteristic to this type of forest are suitable for northern red oak regeneration; however, bilberry favors acorn survival and germination and early seedling growth, moss cover favors acorn survival and germination, while shrubs protect surviving seedlings from herbivory.

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Drivers of invasive tree and shrub natural regeneration in temperate forests

Cited by 58 publications

References 93 publications

Consumer‐mediated indirect interaction with a native plant lowers the fitness of an invasive competitor

Consumer‐mediated indirect interaction with a native plant lowers the fitness of an invasive competitor

Similar Impacts of Alien and Native Tree Species on Understory Light Availability in a Temperate Forest

Verified hypotheses on the “nurse” and “burial” effects on introduced Quercus rubra regeneration in a mesic Scots pine forest

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