Drivers of Oyster Reef Ecosystem Metabolism Measured Across Multiple Timescales

Volaric, Martin P.; Berg, Peter; Reidenbach, Matthew A.

doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00745-w

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, methods used to measure and calculate ecosystem metabolism—in-situ measurements and closed containers— differ in their underlying assumptions and, therefore, potential accuracy 21 . In-situ changes in dissolved oxygen in a body of water over time—including both night and day—are associated with photosynthesis and respiration and can be used to estimate community production and respiration rates 16 , 22 – 25 . These “free-water” estimates (sensu Odum and Hoskin 23 ) are contrasted with measurements in closed containers, where a trapped assemblage of organisms is exposed to light and dark conditions, and measured responses are changes in oxygen concentrations 12 , 26 or uptake of radiocarbon 27 , 28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for variation in temperature and oxygen availability when quantifying marine ecosystem metabolism

Miller

Mastroni

Lira

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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It is critical to understand how human modifications of Earth’s ecosystems are influencing ecosystem functioning, including net and gross community production (NCP and GCP, respectively) and community respiration (CR). These responses are often estimated by measuring oxygen production in the light (NCP) and consumption in the dark (CR), which can then be combined to estimate GCP. However, the method used to create “dark” conditions—either experimental darkening during the day or taking measurements at night—could result in different estimates of respiration and production, potentially affecting our ability to make integrative predictions. We tested this possibility by measuring oxygen concentrations under daytime ambient light conditions, in darkened tide pools during the day, and during nighttime low tides. We made measurements every 1–3 months over one year in southeastern Alaska. Daytime respiration rates were substantially higher than those measured at night, associated with higher temperature and oxygen levels during the day and leading to major differences in estimates of GCP calculated using daytime versus nighttime measurements. Our results highlight the potential importance of measuring respiration rates during both day and night to account for effects of temperature and oxygen—especially in shallow-water, constrained systems—with implications for understanding the impacts of global change on ecosystem metabolism.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accounting for variation in temperature and oxygen availability when quantifying marine ecosystem metabolism

Miller

Mastroni

Lira

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Nevertheless, O 2 consumption is a key, and relatively easy, variable to measure and we propose that with more data we may see a pattern emerge linking O 2 consumption and denitrification in specific types of oyster habitats. Recent advances in measuring oyster reef oxygen fluxes using underwater eddy covariance appear to hold promise for accurately measuring oyster habitat fluxes in the field (Volaric et al 2018(Volaric et al , 2020. This method involves in situ measurement without disturbance of the site, and provides instantaneous measurements over time, possibly incorporating both hotspots and hot moments of net denitrification (Groffman et al 2009).…”

Section: Other Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in measuring oyster reef oxygen fluxes using underwater eddy covariance appear to hold promise for accurately measuring oyster habitat fluxes in the field (Volaric et al 2018(Volaric et al , 2020. This method involves in situ measurement without disturbance of the site, and provides instantaneous measurements over time, possibly incorporating both hotspots and hot moments of net denitrification (Groffman et al 2009).…”

Section: Other Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of how we assess denitrification in oyster habitats and proposed guidelines for future studies

Ray

Hancock

Brush

et al. 2021

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Excess nitrogen (N) loading and resulting eutrophication plague coastal ecosystems globally. Much work is being done to remove N before it enters coastal receiving waters, yet these efforts are not enough. Novel techniques to remove N from within the coastal ecosystem are now being explored. One of these techniques involves using oysters and their habitats to remove N via denitrification. There is substantial interest in incorporating oyster-mediated enhancement of benthic denitrification into N management plans and trading schemes. Measuring denitrification, however, is expensive and time consuming. For large-scale adoption of oystermediated denitrification into nutrient management plans, we need an accurate model that can be applied across ecosystems. Despite significant effort to measure and report rates of denitrification in oyster habitats, we are unable to create such a model, due to methodological differences between studies, incomplete data reporting, and inconsistent measurements of environmental variables that may be used to predict denitrification. To make a model that can predict denitrification in oyster habitats a reality, a common sampling and reporting scheme is needed across studies. Here, we provide relevant background on how oysters may stimulate denitrification, and the importance of oyster-mediated denitrification in remediating excess N loading to coastal systems. We then summarize methods commonly used to measure denitrification in oyster habitats, discuss the importance of various environmental variables that may be useful for predicting denitrification, and present a set of guidelines for measuring denitrification in oyster habitats, allowing development of models to support incorporation of oyster-mediated denitrification into future policy decisions.The past 20 yr have seen rapid development of the oyster aquaculture industry (Fig. 1) and substantial oyster reef restoration (Bersoza Hern andez et al. 2018;Duarte et al. 2020). In this same time period, there has been a large research effort to quantify whether-and by how much-oysters enhance benthic denitrification (the conversion of biologically available dissolved nitrogen [N] to inert di-nitrogen [N 2 ] gas). Early suggestions of the potential for enhanced denitrification in oyster habitats piqued the interest of ecologists, coastal managers, and oyster farmers who imagined a new N mitigation tool that could be included in nutrient management plans (Newell

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“…Over the last two decades, the aquatic eddy covariance (AEC) technique (Berg et al 2003) has improved the quality of benthic O 2 flux measurements for many ecosystems, including seagrass meadows (Lee et al 2017; Berger et al 2020; Koopmans et al 2020), oyster and mussel reefs (Attard et al 2019 b ; Volaric et al 2020), macroalgal and Maerl beds (Attard et al 2019 a ; Polsenaere et al 2021), permeable sands (Chipman et al 2016; Merikhi et al 2021), freshwater systems (McGinnis et al 2008; Koopmans and Berg 2015), and coral reefs (Long et al 2013; de Froe et al 2019). It has also recently been used for upside‐down measurements of gas exchange at the air–water interface (Berg and Pace 2017; Long and Nicholson 2018; Berg et al 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A high‐resolution submersible oxygen optode system for aquatic eddy covariance

Granville

Berg

Huettel

2023

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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The aquatic eddy covariance technique is increasingly used to determine oxygen (O 2 ) fluxes over benthic ecosystems. The technique uses O 2 measuring systems that have a high temporal and numerical resolution. In this study, we performed a series of lab and field tests to assess a new optical submersible O 2 meter designed for aquatic eddy covariance measurements and equipped with an existing ultra-high speed optical fiber sensor. The meter has a 16-bit digital-to-analog-signal conversion that produces a 0-5 V output at a rate up to 40 Hz. The device was paired with an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The combined meter and fiber-optic O 2 sensor's response time was significantly faster in O 2 -undersaturated water compared to in O 2 -supersaturated water (0.087 vs. 0.12 s), but still sufficiently fast for aquatic eddy covariance measurements. The O 2 optode signal was not sensitive to variations in water flow or light exposure. However, the response time was affected by the direction of the flow. When the sensor tip was exposed to a flow from the back rather than the front, the response time increased by 37%. The meter's internal signal processing time was determined to be $ 0.05 s, a delay that can be corrected for during postprocessing. In order for the built-in temperature correction to be accurate, the meter should always be submerged with the fiber-optic sensor. In multiple 21-47 h field tests, the system recorded consistently high-quality, lownoise O 2 flux data. Overall, the new meter is a powerful option for collecting robust aquatic eddy covariance data.

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Drivers of Oyster Reef Ecosystem Metabolism Measured Across Multiple Timescales

Cited by 14 publications

References 50 publications

Accounting for variation in temperature and oxygen availability when quantifying marine ecosystem metabolism

Accounting for variation in temperature and oxygen availability when quantifying marine ecosystem metabolism

A review of how we assess denitrification in oyster habitats and proposed guidelines for future studies

A high‐resolution submersible oxygen optode system for aquatic eddy covariance

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