“…For robustness, we present results employing several measures of bank risk and bank value commonly used in the empirical literature. Bank risk is measured by the z score of each bank (e.g., Altunbaş et al,2017; Laeven & Levine,2009), the CDS spread (e.g., Drago et al,2019; Drago, Di Tommaso, & Thornton,2017), and the ratio of banks nonperforming loans to total loans (e.g., Schulte & Winkler,2019). Bank value is measured by Tobin's q , (e.g., Bolton,2013; Gompers, Ishii, & Metrick,2003), the book value of capital (e.g., Abuzayed, Molyneux, & Al‐Fayoumi,2009) and, indirectly, from banks' equity price (e.g., Khanna & Sonti,2004).…”