Drivers of the circumferential variation of stemflow inputs on the boles of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. (Scots pine)

Pinos, Juan; Latron, Jérôme; Levia, Delphis F.; Llorens, Pilar

doi:10.1002/eco.2348

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In this case, the main constraint of the sampling design was the need to collect samples every 24 h, which is suitable for sampling particularly large storm events such as typhoons but not for continuous monitoring of rainfall events in more remote areas. In addition, the synchronized and continuous 1 h sampling time interval may not always be well suited to capturing all the rainfall, throughfall and especially stemflow isotopic composition variability throughout the event, as stemflow production is often concentrated within a short period during the rainfall event, once a gross rainfall threshold has been exceeded (Cayuela et al, 2018b; Pinos et al, 2021). The third and, we believe, most recent study of the intra‐storm isotopic composition of rainfall, throughfall and stemflow was carried out by Tao et al (2017) for two rainfall events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution temporal dynamics of intra‐storm isotopic composition of stemflow and throughfall in a Mediterranean Scots pine forest

Pinos

Llorens

Latron

2022

Hydrological Processes

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Vegetation plays a significant role in the isotopic fractionation of rainwater during rainfall partitioning through the canopy into throughfall and stemflow. Most studies focus on the isotopic composition of throughfall, whereas that of stemflow has been studied much less frequently. Moreover, only three studies to date have investigated stemflow isotopic composition at the intra‐storm scale. Therefore, knowledge of the isotopic shift between rainfall and throughfall/stemflow at fine resolutions is sorely needed in order to better understand water input to forest soils. In this study, intra‐event rainfall, throughfall and stemflow in a Scots pine forest under Mediterranean conditions were monitored (5‐min time step) over a 20‐month period (May 2018 to December 2019) and water samples of each component were collected sequentially by means of automatic samplers for isotopic analysis (18O and 2H). Results obtained for 21 rainfall events show that throughfall was usually more enriched than rainfall and stemflow was more enriched than throughfall. Isotopic differences between rainfall and throughfall/stemflow indicated that throughfall was more depleted during the higher air temperature season whereas stemflow was more enriched. The isotopic shift did not show any direct relationship with either meteorological variables or the amount effect. At the intra‐storm scale, stemflow was more enriched than rainfall and throughfall at the start of the rainfall event and tended to decrease towards the end. Our results suggest that evaporation led to stemflow enrichment due to stemflow residing longer on the vegetative surfaces than throughfall. However, most fractionation factors can occur during the same event. Our study will improve understanding of the physical processes that control stemflow isotopic composition in coniferous trees before reaching the ground, as a step towards improving isotope‐based models for forest‐water interactions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐resolution temporal dynamics of intra‐storm isotopic composition of stemflow and throughfall in a Mediterranean Scots pine forest

Pinos

Llorens

Latron

2022

Hydrological Processes

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“…5). It was found that the great bark water storage capacity of forests could result in the further delay of TF and SF onset (Levia and Herwitz, 2005;Levia et al, 2010;Li et al, 2016;Pinos et al, 2021). In summary, the different intra-event TF and SF dynamics between species were attributed to a complex interaction of biotic and abiotic factors (Yuan et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2018;Levia et al, 2010).…”

Section: Rainfall Partitioning and Influencing Factors At The Intra-e...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

Gao

Yuan

et al. 2022

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Rainfall is known as the main water replenishment in dryland ecosystems, and rainfall partitioning by vegetation reshapes the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of rainwater entry into the soil. The dynamics of rainfall partitioning have been extensively studied at the inter-event scale, yet very few studies have explored its finer intra-event dynamics and the relating driving factors for shrubs. Here, we conducted a concurrent in-depth investigation of all rainfall partitioning components at inter- and intra-event scales for two typical xerophytic shrubs (Caragana korshinskii and Salix psammophila) in the Liudaogou catchment of the Loess Plateau, China. The event throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and interception loss (IC), and their temporal variations within the rainfall event, as well as the meteorological factors and vegetation characteristics, were systematically measured during the 2014–2015 rainy seasons. Our results showed that C. korshinskii had significantly higher SF percentage (9.2 %) and lower IC percentage (21.4 %) compared to S. psammophila (3.8 % and 29.5 %, respectively), but their TF percentages were not significantly different (69.4 % vs. 66.7 %). At the intra-event scale, TF and SF of S. psammophila were initiated (0.1 vs. 0.3 h and 0.7 vs. 0.8 h) and peaked (1.8 vs. 2.0 h and 2.1 vs. 2.2 h) more quickly, and TF of S. psammophila lasted longer (5.2 vs. 4.8 h) and delivered more intensely (4.3 vs. 3.8 mm h−1), whereas SF of C. korshinskii lasted longer (4.6 vs. 4.1 h) and delivered more intensely (753.8 vs. 471.2 mm h−1). For both shrubs, rainfall amount was the most significant factor influencing inter-event rainfall partitioning, and rainfall intensity and duration controlled the intra-event TF and SF variables. The C. korshinskii with larger branch angle, more small branches, and smaller canopy area, has an advantage over S. psammophila to produce SF more efficiently. The S. psammophila has lower canopy water storage capacity to generate and peak TF and SF earlier, and it has larger aboveground biomass and total canopy water storage of individual plants to produce higher IC compared to C. korshinskii. These findings contribute to the fine characterization of shrub-dominated ecohydrological processes, and improve the accuracy of water balance estimation in dryland ecosystems.

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“…For the four studied trees, the simulated stemflow yield of 36.5 L (equivalent to a rainfall of $12 mm) produced a mean funnelling ratio (per basal area) F P,Bt of 46.5 ± 1.8 (Figure 5). The heterogeneity of stemflow infiltration areas has been attributed, at least partly, to the heterogeneity of stemflow channelled along preferred flowpaths of the tree bole (e.g., Herwitz, 1988;Imamura et al, 2017;Levia et al, 2011) due to variations in the structure of the tree crown, branch distribution and angles, lean of the stem (e.g., Dunkerley, 2014;Imamura et al, 2017), or by the heterogeneities in the roughness of the bark of the trunk (Levia & Germer, 2015;Pinos et al, 2021). In our study, to restrict the unknowns, we decided to simulate uniformly distributed stemflow around the trunk, but, despite the fact that we applied simulated stemflow from just 0.7 m above the surface, we still observed marked spatial heterogeneities of the stemflow on the trunk as well as the stemflow input to the soil around the stems.…”

Section: Basal Area and Infiltration Area Funnelling Ratiosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stemflow infiltration areas into forest soils around American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees

et al. 2021

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The size of stemflow infiltration areas around the boles of trees is currently a topic of interest and debate within the hydrologic community. There is a gap in our knowledge of stemflow infiltration areas in many wooded ecosystems and a need for more than the few studies that have examined stemflow infiltration areas directly. Hence, this field study was specifically undertaken to mitigate the existing data gap by providing direct measurements of stemflow infiltration areas from high stemflow‐producing American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees. Different stemflow rates (290, 72 and 31 L h−1) were simulated using dye‐infused stemflow and the areas of stemflow infiltration around four trees determined by measuring the areal extent of dye on the soil surface. Our results revealed that stemflow infiltration areas ranged from 0.0035 to 0.0951 m2 tree−1. The mean basal area funnelling ratio was 46.5 ± 1.8, whereas the funnelling ratios per unit infiltration areas, FP,It, were between 32.0 and 258.4. Despite intentionally high stemflow rates, chosen to compensate for the high infiltration capacities of forest soils, these results reinforce the fact that stemflow is an extremely localized input in natural forests. Thus, these results, even if specific to F. grandifolia within a particular forest and soil type, support a growing body of work indicating that stemflow infiltration areas are usually <1 m2, and often much smaller, in natural forests. Moreover, the high values of FP,It provide further evidence indicating that stemflow inputs are important for the development of hot spots in near‐trunk soils.

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Drivers of the circumferential variation of stemflow inputs on the boles of Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine)

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

High‐resolution temporal dynamics of intra‐storm isotopic composition of stemflow and throughfall in a Mediterranean Scots pine forest

High‐resolution temporal dynamics of intra‐storm isotopic composition of stemflow and throughfall in a Mediterranean Scots pine forest

Inter- and intra-event rainfall partitioning dynamics of two typical xerophytic shrubs in the Loess Plateau of China

Stemflow infiltration areas into forest soils around American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) trees

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