Drivers Quickly Trust Autonomous Cars

Drivers’ Ability to Engage in a Non-Driving Related Task While in Automated Driving Mode in Real Traffic

“…Although, a slight learning effect was noted during the first occasion in the office indicating that the task practice time should have been a bit longer before deployment. The quick adaptation and ability to perform NDRTs are in line with previous studies such as [12], although studies are still few. More specifically, [40] found that drivers were relaxed after about 10 minutes of riding in an automated vehicle in traffic and that nearly all participants occasionally engaged in a voluntary NDRT.…”

“…Simulator studies to some extent confirm this by showing that with increasing levels of automation drivers are more likely to engage in NDRTs [8]- [10]. It has been shown that drivers are comfortable in adopting NDRTs and that they quickly engage in them if given the possibility, both in supervised [11] and in unsupervised automated driving mode [12].…”

“…Wizard of Oz (WOz) studies in real life have been proven successful in its abilities to study technology of the future such as automated vehicles and can be a great tool to learn about driver behavior and subjective experience [12], [22], [23], [44]. However, it is not without its limitations as it is difficult to mimic automation/position of the car repeatedly for a human being, even when driving assistance is used to a great extent.…”

“…The study was conducted using an automated vehicle test platform -a Wizard of Oz (WOz) vehicle, which is used to simulate automated driving (cf. [12], [22], [23]). The platform is based on a Volvo XC90 and is equipped with additional sensors and vehicle controls in the backseat.…”

Building Collaborative Test Practices: Design Ethnography and WOz in Autonomous Driving Research

“…Significant advances in technology have made AD of vehicles a technological reality. Developing autonomous cars is technically challenging and to date the primary research focus regarding human behaviour in relation to AD cars has been on safety critical aspects, such as people's ability to take over control from the automated car [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], mode awareness [6], overtrust [7,8], or system transparency [9], with the intention of finding out how to provide the driver with optimal information through the user interfaces [10]. In the area of public and user acceptance of autonomous vehicles, a number of existing studies have focused on expectations through research into how to establish trust and mitigate resistance toward autonomous driving [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].…”