“…The empirical studies based on diverse samples provide evidence on transport and emission nexus. Timilsina and Shrestha (2009) for Asian economies, Chandran and Tang (2013) for ASEAN countries, Zhang and Nian (2013) for China, Saboori et al (2014) for OECD economies, Shahbaz et al (2015) for Tunisia, Saidi and Hammami (2017) for a panel of 75 economies, Danish et al (2018) and Shouket et al (2019) for Pakistan, Du et al (2019) for China, Ahmed et al (2020) for India, Isik et al (2020) for Turkey, Mangones et al (2020) for Columbia, Hossain et al (2020) for Bangladesh, and Go et al (2020) for Malaysia explored transport and environment nexus. These studies assume a symmetric relationship between transportation and emissions.…”