Fourteen Mn-Nd alloys were investigated experimentally by means of thermal analysis. The temperatures of the invariant reactions and liquidus in the Mn-Nd binary system were determined. Based on the experimental results obtained in the present work as well as the experimental data reported and the previous assessments in the literature, the Mn-Nd binary system was re-assessed thermodynamically using the CALPHAD method. The solution phases, including liquid, a-Mn, b-Mn, c-Mn, d-Mn, a-Nd and d-Nd, are modeled by the substitutional solution model, and their excess Gibbs energies are expressed with the Redlich-Kister polynomial. The intermetallic compounds, Mn 2 Nd, Mn 23 Nd 6 and Mn 17 Nd 2 , are treated as stoichiometric compounds. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters obtained finally to describe the Gibbs energies of various phases in the Mn-Nd binary system can be used to reproduce well the reported phase equilibria and thermodynamic data.