Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: A review

Aarts, L T; Schagen, Ingrid van

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2005.07.004

Cited by 974 publications

(474 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The model used seems also reliable when looking at the other factors. It provides statistical significant RCI risks associated with mobile phone, driving while drowsy, riding a two-wheeled vehicle and VKT in accordance with known results (Aarts and van Schagen 2006;Laberge-Nadeau et al 2003;Stutts et al 2003). …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Road crash involvement and professional status: A prospective study using the French Gazel cohort

Lenguerrand¹,

Martin²,

Chiron³

et al. 2008

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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ObjectivesTo assess the influence of professional status differences on the risk of road crash involvement-RCI-(irrespective of crash severity) and to examine the underlying mechanisms by evaluating the role of users' exposure to road risk (ERR) in these differences. MethodsA total of 15 237 current and retired staff selected from the French GAZEL cohort were studied. A proportional hazard model for recurrent events was used to calculate the relative risks of RCI associated with professional status. The associations between RCI and professional status were investigated by adjusting for ERR (kilometres travelled and risk behaviour on the road).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Road crash involvement and professional status: A prospective study using the French Gazel cohort

Lenguerrand¹,

Martin²,

Chiron³

et al. 2008

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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“…Specifically, we aimed to test to what extent a financial incentive (a reward in the form of a discount on policyholders' insurance premium) in combination with feedback affects the actual driving speed of young drivers. The literature suggests that speed is one of the most important predictors of crash risk (Aarts and van Schagen, 2006), therefore our primary interest was testing the effects of PAYD on speeding, which is driving above the posted speed limits. However, the field experiment also included a financial incentive for participants to reduce their mileage and avoid driving on weekend nighttime hours, as increased mileage and driving at night during weekends have been associated with increased accident risk (Sivak et al, 2007).…”

Section: Current Road Safety Interventions: Speed Enforcement Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Driving at higher speeds leaves less time to respond to unexpected events and increases stopping time, thus decreasing the possibility to avoid accidents (Aarts and van Schagen, 2006). So, reducing the driving speed of young adults, and in particular the amount of time spent above the speed limit, holds the potential of dramatically reducing accidents, and saving lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Bolderdijk

Knockaert

Steg

et al. 2011

Accident Analysis & Prevention

165

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a b s t r a c tSpeeding is an important cause for young drivers' involvement in traffic accidents. A reduction in driving speeds of this group could result in fewer accidents. One way of reducing driving speed is offering explicit financial incentives. In collaboration with five Dutch car insurance companies, we tested the effects of a Pay-As-You-Drive insurance fee on driving speed. A group of young drivers could save money on their monthly insurance fee by keeping the speed limit. Driving speed was monitored through GPS technology during one year. Analyses showed that, relative to pre-and post-measurement, as well as a control group, the introduction of a Pay-As-You-Drive insurance fee significantly reduced speed violations of young drivers.

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“…There is a strong instigation to speed in order to arrive on time and avoid possible punishment for being late for work or some other important engagement. Conflicting with this tendency is the incentive to avoid speeding and risky driving behaviors as these behaviors could result in traffic citations or personal injury (e.g., Aarts and van Schagen, 2006;Blows et al, 2005). There are other factors that can instigate speeding and risky driving behaviors as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute disinhibiting effects of alcohol as a factor in risky driving behavior

Fillmore¹,

Blackburn²,

Harrison³

2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

134

124

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Automobile crash reports show that up to 40% of fatal crashes in the United States involve alcohol and that younger drivers are over-represented. Alcohol use among young drivers is associated with impulsive and risky driving behaviors, such as speeding, which could contribute to their overrepresentation in alcohol-related crash statistics. Recent laboratory studies show that alcohol increases impulsive behaviors by impairing the drinker's ability to inhibit inappropriate actions and that this effect can be exacerbated in conflict situations where the expression and inhibition of behavior are equally motivating. The present study tested the hypothesis that this response conflict might also intensify the disruptive effects of alcohol on driving performance. Fourteen subjects performed a simulated driving and a cued go/no-go task that measured their inhibitory control. Conflict was motivated in these tasks by providing equal monetary incentives for slow, careful behavior (e.g., slow driving, inhibiting impulses) and for quick, abrupt behavior (fast driving, disinhibition). Subjects were tested under two alcohol doses (0.65 g/kg and a placebo) that were administered twice: when conflict was present and when conflict was absent. Alcohol interacted with conflict to impair inhibitory control and to increase risky and impaired driving behavior on the drive task. Also, individuals whose inhibitory control was most impaired by alcohol displayed the poorest driving performance under the drug. The study demonstrates potentially serious disruptions to driving performance as a function of alcohol intoxication and response conflict, and points to inhibitory control as an important underlying mechanism.

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Driving speed and the risk of road crashes: A review

Cited by 974 publications

References 2 publications

Road crash involvement and professional status: A prospective study using the French Gazel cohort

Road crash involvement and professional status: A prospective study using the French Gazel cohort

Effects of Pay-As-You-Drive vehicle insurance on young drivers’ speed choice: Results of a Dutch field experiment

Acute disinhibiting effects of alcohol as a factor in risky driving behavior

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