Driving Under the Influence

Alonso, Cesáreo Fernández; Alonso, Kenneth

doi:10.4135/9781483392240.n130

Cited by 2 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The substances that are most frequently detected in impaired drivers are alcohol followed by cannabis. Studies have shown that more than one-third of adults and more than half of teenagers admit to DUI of alcohol at some point in their lives [216]. Alcohol is a depressant drug that affects the central nervous system and slows down brain functions.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to NHTSA, the effects of alcohol vary with BAC in the way shown in Table A3, in Appendix B, and the risk of having an accident after consuming alcohol increases exponentially as a function of BAC. For example, every additional 0.08 g of alcohol per deciliter (dL) of blood multiplies by four the risk of accident [216]. According to the World Health Organization [221], best practice for drunk-driving laws includes a BAC limit of 0.05 g/dL for the general population and of 0.02 g/dL for young or novice drivers.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If this is the case, the ignition-control system prevents the driver from starting the engine. Ignition-interlock devices are usually installed in the vehicles of people with prior DUI convictions and in long-haul, commercial vehicles, for example, trucks and buses [216]. This solution does not, however, allow for the real-time monitoring of the state of the driver, and does not prevent the driver from drinking alcohol after starting the engine.…”

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring

Halin

Verly

Droogenbroeck

2021

Sensors

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Road vehicle accidents are mostly due to human errors, and many such accidents could be avoided by continuously monitoring the driver. Driver monitoring (DM) is a topic of growing interest in the automotive industry, and it will remain relevant for all vehicles that are not fully autonomous, and thus for decades for the average vehicle owner. The present paper focuses on the first step of DM, which consists of characterizing the state of the driver. Since DM will be increasingly linked to driving automation (DA), this paper presents a clear view of the role of DM at each of the six SAE levels of DA. This paper surveys the state of the art of DM, and then synthesizes it, providing a unique, structured, polychotomous view of the many characterization techniques of DM. Informed by the survey, the paper characterizes the driver state along the five main dimensions—called here “(sub)states”—of drowsiness, mental workload, distraction, emotions, and under the influence. The polychotomous view of DM is presented through a pair of interlocked tables that relate these states to their indicators (e.g., the eye-blink rate) and the sensors that can access each of these indicators (e.g., a camera). The tables factor in not only the effects linked directly to the driver, but also those linked to the (driven) vehicle and the (driving) environment. They show, at a glance, to concerned researchers, equipment providers, and vehicle manufacturers (1) most of the options they have to implement various forms of advanced DM systems, and (2) fruitful areas for further research and innovation.

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Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring

Halin

Verly

Droogenbroeck

2021

Sensors

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“…The substances that are most frequently detected in impaired drivers are alcohol followed by cannabis. Studies have shown that more than one-third of adults and more than half of teenagers admit to DUI of alcohol at some point in their lives (8). Alcohol is a depressant drug that affects the central nervous system and slows down brain functions.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to NHTSA, the effects of alcohol vary with BAC in the way shown in Table 8, in Appendix C, and the risk of having an accident after consuming alcohol increases exponentially as a function of BAC. For example, every additional 0.08 g of alcohol per deciliter (dL) of blood multiplies by four the risk of accident (8). According to the World Health Organization (231), best practice for drunk-driving laws includes a BAC limit of 0.05 g/dL for the general population and of 0.02 g/dL for young or novice drivers.…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and synthesis of state of the art in driver monitoring

Halin,

Verly,

Van Droogenbroeck

2021

Preprint

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Road-vehicle accidents are mostly due to human errors, and many such accidents could be avoided by continuously monitoring the driver. Driver monitoring (DM) is a topic of growing interest in the automotive industry, and it will remain relevant for all vehicles that are not fully autonomous, and thus for decades for the average vehicle owner. The present paper focuses on the first step of DM, which consists in characterizing the state of the driver. Since DM will be increasingly linked to driving automation (DA), this paper presents a clear view of the role of DM at each of the six SAE levels of DA. This paper surveys the state of the art of DM, and then synthesizes it, providing a unique, structured, polychotomous view of the many characterization techniques of DM. Informed by the survey, the paper characterizes the driver state along the five main dimensions-called here "(sub)states"-of drowsiness, mental workload, distraction, emotions, and under the influence. The polychotomous view of DM is presented through a pair of interlocked tables that relate these states to their indicators (e.g., the eye-blink rate) and the sensors that can access each of these indicators (e.g., a camera). The tables factor in not only the effects linked directly to the driver, but also those linked to the (driven) vehicle and the (driving) environment. They show, at a glance, to concerned researchers, equipment providers, and vehicle manufacturers (1) most of the options they have to implement various forms of advanced DM systems, and (2) fruitful areas for further research and innovation.

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Driving Under the Influence

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring

Survey and Synthesis of State of the Art in Driver Monitoring

Survey and synthesis of state of the art in driver monitoring

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