“…In temperate regions, virgin queens are produced most intensively during the swarming season, hence in the spring and early summer (Winston, 1987, page 183). As expected, drone production also peaks in the spring, a few weeks before the emergence of virgin queens (Allen, 1958(Allen, , 1963(Allen, , 1965Lee & Winston, 1987;Page, 1981). In tropical regions, the peak of drone production also coincides with the swarming season (Schneider & McNally, 1994).…”