Drop Formation in Two-Liquid-Phase Systems

Hayworth, Curtis B.; Treybal, Robert E.

doi:10.1021/ie50486a030

Cited by 130 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…which was the average of the maximum drop size encountered at all flow rates except near the critical velocity region. On Figure 2, the predicted curve (solid line) may he compared with experimental curve (dotted line) to see the agreement and the applicability of Equation ( 7 ) . Further comparisons are made in Figure 7a and 7b for the average diameter, dav defined as…”

Section: The Rise Time Distribution Of Droplets In the Swarmmentioning

confidence: 82%

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Some performance characteristics of spray columns

et al. 1972

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Experimental data on the drop size distribution obtained from multiple nozzles in a spray column are presented and analyzed. For nozzles having a diameter above the critical size, the distribution pattern change from near normal monomodal to bimodal and back again to monomodal but skewed toward the larger size fraction. There is no change in the observed maximum drop size in the distribution with flow rate except near the critical velocity region. Drop breakup mechanisms appear to be different from the above pattern for nozzles below a critical size.A model is proposed for prediction of the complete range of drop sizes observed.The performance of a spray-type, liquid-liquid extraction column is dependent on the characteristics of the dispersion. This paper reports results from experiments conducted in the jetting range of nozzle velocities; a photographic analysis immediately above the nozzle was used to obtain the data reported. A model is proposed to characterize the drop size distribution from jetting to disruption velocities, this range being important in the normal operation of spray columns.Relatively few photographic studies of drop size distributions have been reported and the available data are thus meagre. A detailed literature survey is available in the thesis of one of the authors (26) but the following references are particularly noteworthy. Keith and Hixson (11) noted that the uniformity of drops is related to the jet length. They observed that drops produced in the varicose region showed a high degree of uniformity when the jet length is below the critical value. In the sinuous region a decrease in uniformity was observed with an increasingly wide range of drop sizes. They showed the variation of drop uniformity on a normal probability plot of number count and observed that drops formed are most uniform in size near the critical velocity through the nozzle corresponding to the maximum jet length. Hinze (9) studied the maximum stable drop size under shear or turbulent flow, as in a rotary annular column, and suggested that the penetration of lamellae and ligaments of one liquid into another causes disintegration. He suggests that when a long ligament breaks into droplets, secondary smaller droplets are usually formed. Moreover, the ligaments at the moment of breakup will generally not be equally thick and hence, during the distintegration process, drops of different sizes are formed. Christiansen and Hixson (2) stated that the growth of the axially symmetric disturbance causes jet disintegration and that flow rates above the critical velocity produce more nearly random drop distributions. Using high speed photographs of the jets they ob- served that, near the region of instability, a number of nodes exist along the jet profile. Any untimely separation of the nodes upstream produced a drop larger than the ideal one-wave-length drop. The simultaneous disruption of two or more nodes produced small and large drops from the same jet.Weaver et al. (27) photographed drop swarms during the operation of a ...

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Section: The Rise Time Distribution Of Droplets In the Swarmmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The dotted lines on Figure 2 show the distribution predicted by Equation (7). This theoretical result is based on a critical velocity of 23 cm./sec.…”

Section: The Rise Time Distribution Of Droplets In the Swarmmentioning

confidence: 85%

Some performance characteristics of spray columns

et al. 1972

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“…Mashayek (1995) Hayworth & Treybal (1950) Kitamura et al (1986 Masutani & Experimental studies Goedde & Yuen (1970) Kowalewski (1996) Kumar & Hartland (1984 Adams (2000) Arai & Amagai (1999) Lin (2003) Skelland & Walker (1989) Das (1997 Tang et al (2002, Longmire et al ( 2001) Milosevic & Longmire (2002 2003) Table 1.1 Previous studies of cylindrical liquid jet instability. Figure 1.2 from Grant and Middleman (1966) shows the typical evolution of jet breakup length observed as jet discharge velocity is increased.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were conducted by Hayworth and Treybal (1950), Meister and Scheele (1969), Kitamura et al (1982), Kumar and Hartland (1984), Skelland and Walker (1989), Kato et al (2000), Longmire et al (2001) and others to study liquid-liquid jet breakup. These studies have provided useful data on droplet size and breakup length but were limited to laminar jet flow.…”

Section: Jet Instability Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Experiments to Simulate Co2 Ocean Disposal

Masutani¹

1999

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“…The lowering of the interfacial tension in some systems may lead to finer dispersion of droplets, 13) stable emulsions, 14) and interfacial turbulence 15) and may also enhance the extraction rate. 16,17) Thus, study on the interfacial tension which is the most easily measured interfacial property of liquid-liquid systems has * Corresponding author E-mail: ohtok@cc.saga-u.ac.jp been required, because the kinetics of the metal extraction process depends upon the concentration of the reactant species at the reaction sites and it should supports to fundamentally understand the mechanism of metal extraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Interfacial Activity on Silver Extraction Rate with Calix[4]arene Derivatives in Nitrate Media

Kim¹,

Morisada²,

Kawakita³

et al. 2014

J.I.E.

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arene derivatives as extraction reagents have been prepared to investigate silver extraction rate in nitrate media by batch-wise method. The interfacial tension was also measured by the drop volume method to investigate the effect of interfacial activity on silver extraction rate with the calix[4]arene derivatives in chloroform / nitric acid media by varying the concentrations of the extraction reagent and nitric acid. Interfacial activities of calix[4]arene derivatives were evaluated by comparing the obtained interfacial tension values. The interfacial excess and the average area per the adsorbed extractant molecule at chloroform / nitric acid interface were estimated from the Gibbs' adsorption equation and were used to investigate the relationship with silver extraction by using calix [4]arene derivatives in nitrate media. From the result, silver extraction rate with calix[4]arene derivatives in nitrate media was significantly related to their interfacial activities.

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Drop Formation in Two-Liquid-Phase Systems

Cited by 130 publications

References 7 publications

Some performance characteristics of spray columns

Some performance characteristics of spray columns

Laboratory Experiments to Simulate Co2 Ocean Disposal

Effect of Interfacial Activity on Silver Extraction Rate with Calix[4]arene Derivatives in Nitrate Media

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