Drop-out from team sport among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Back, Jenny; Johnson, Urban; Svedberg, Petra; McCall, Alan; Ivarsson, Andréas

doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102205

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Back et al (2022) also presented a systematic review and metanalysis on dropout in team sports, with a focus on adolescents in team sports. Twelve studies met their criteria, the results of which appeared heterogeneous, bespeaking multiple determinants of dropout during this developmental period.…”

Section: Results Part Ii: Sdt Meta-analyses In Applied Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory.

Ryan¹,

Duineveld²,

Domenico³

et al. 2022

Psychological Bulletin

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Self-determination theory (SDT) is a theoretical framework for addressing human motivation and wellness that has been actively and increasingly researched over 4 decades. As a cumulative knowledge base, many of SDT's fundamental tenets have been repeatedly examined. We identified 60 meta-analyses that tested many of the propositions of SDT's six mini-theories, other theory-based hypotheses, and SDT's utility in applied domains. In this review, we examine what these meta-analyses establish, highlighting the support they lend to the validity of SDT's motivational taxonomy and its hypotheses regarding the respective effects of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration on well-being and ill-being. Meta-analytic evidence also strongly supports the relevance of SDT for organizations, health care, parenting, and education among other domains, with identifiable gaps in the meta-analytic literature. We conclude by discussing the importance of broad theory and the use of meta-analytic knowledge as scaffolding for further theory and research, albeit with its own methodological limitations. Public Significance StatementThis systematic review includes a comprehensive narrative synthesis of 60 meta-analyses, each of which tests various principles from self-determination theory (SDT). Such a review is of broad public significance because SDT has become one of the most widely applied approaches to human motivation and is the basis for interventions in many domains including work and organizations, health care, education, physical activity, and sport, among others.

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Section: Results Part Ii: Sdt Meta-analyses In Applied Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory.

Ryan¹,

Duineveld²,

Domenico³

et al. 2022

Psychological Bulletin

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show abstract

“…Specifically, low perceived competence, lack of fulfilment of basic psychological needs, and poor relationships with teammates or coaches were among the most frequently listed in the included studies [ 14 ]. Similarly, a recent meta-analysis of factors associated with drop-out from adolescents’ team sports identified lack of fulfilment of basic psychological needs, lack of perceived social support from friends, family, and coaches, and lower levels of self-determined motivation as three of the factors that increased the risk for drop-out in adolescents’ team sports [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychosocial Predictors of Drop-Out from Organised Sport: A Prospective Study in Adolescent Soccer

Back

Stenling

Solstad

et al. 2022

IJERPH

Self Cite

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In recent years an increased drop-out rate in adolescents’ soccer participation has been observed. Given the potentially adverse consequences of drop-out from soccer, more information about risk factors for drop-out is warranted. In the current study, Classification and Regression Tree (CRT) analysis was used to investigate demographic and motivational factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out from adolescent soccer. The results of this study indicate that older age, experiencing less autonomy support from the coach, less intrinsic motivation, being female, and lower socioeconomic status are factors associated with an increased risk of drop-out. An interpretation of the results of this study is that coaches play a central part in creating a sports context that facilitates motivation and continued soccer participation. Based on the findings of the current study we propose that soccer clubs implement theoretically informed coach education programs to help coaches adopt autonomy-supportive coaching strategies.

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“…This may reflect the finding that in general, motivation types were less strong predictors of continuation in the club than of continuation in the sport, and it may reflect that it is not uncommon in the literature that extrinsic types of motivation are not significantly associated with continuation in sport and exercise (and when they are significant, associations vary from weakly negative to weakly positive). 13,53 That introjected regulation was not significantly associated with continuation in the sport among the 16-20-year-olds is an interesting subgroup finding. Besides the already mentioned general weak associations between introjected regulation and continuation found in the literature, it might also make theoretical sense if sustained sports involvement at this age group is less affected by living up to others, example, parents' expectations than for the younger age group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Most of the included studies had a focus on intrapersonal factors' relationship with dropout, and results showed that constructs related to motivation as well as sport experience had the strongest relationships with dropout. 13 This led to the recommendation to focus on developing a high-quality motivational climate that facilitates motivation and enjoyment to prevent drop-out from adolescents' team sport. 13 The theory and conceptual framework that is most frequently used for explaining and investigating the role of motivation and drop-out in sports is the self-determination theory (SDT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting adolescents' continuation in club sports: A prospective cohort study of the importance of personal and contextual motivational factors in five sports in Denmark

Nielsen,

Wikman,

Appleton

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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PurposeThe purpose of this prospective cohort study was to investigate the influence of types of motivation, basic psychological needs satisfaction and of a coach‐created motivational climate on continued participation in youth sports across types of sport, competitive levels, ages, and gender.MethodsParticipants were 7110 adolescent (age 12–20 years) members of leisure time club organized in basketball, handball, football, badminton, and gymnastics in Denmark. Motivational regulation was measured with BRSQ‐6, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration were measured with PNSS‐S, and coach‐created climate was measured with the EDMCQ‐C. The participants' continuation or dropout was measured at the beginning of the following season with a short electronic questionnaire.ResultsIntrinsic motivation, identified behavior regulation, experiences of competence, relatedness, and autonomy, as well as a coach‐created empowering motivational climate, were associated with continuation both in the sport and in the club the following season across different sports, genders, age groups, and competitive levels. Introjected and external behavior regulation, frustrations with the need to experience competence, relatedness, and autonomy, as well as a disempowering coach‐created climate, were associated with dropout.ConclusionIn Danish youth sports, autonomous motivation, satisfaction of basic psychological needs, and an empowering coach‐created motivational climate have a positive impact on the continuation of the sport and the club the following season. In contrast, controlled types of motivation, needs frustration, and a disempowering coach‐created climate are associated with dropout. This is the case at both elite and recreational levels, for boys and girls, adolescents, and youth.

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Drop-out from team sport among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

Cited by 35 publications

References 60 publications

We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory.

We know this much is (meta-analytically) true: A meta-review of meta-analytic findings evaluating self-determination theory.

Psychosocial Predictors of Drop-Out from Organised Sport: A Prospective Study in Adolescent Soccer

Predicting adolescents' continuation in club sports: A prospective cohort study of the importance of personal and contextual motivational factors in five sports in Denmark

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