Drop size effects on rain-generated ring-waves with a view to remote sensing applications

Lemaire, D.; Bliven, Larry F.; Craeye, Christophe; Sobieski, Piotr

doi:10.1080/01431160110107617

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Since most SAR observations are taken at 30-40deg incidences, we focus on the scattering from ring waves for now. Bliven et al (1997) and Lemaire et al (2002) conducted experiments to measure the surface spectrum of water surface perturbed by simulated rain. Log-Gaussian type function is used to approximate the spectral density function of rain roughened surface.…”

Section: Figure 1 Mapping and Projection Model For Rain Over Sea Surfmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physics-based scattering model of rainfall over sea surface

Jin

2014

2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS)

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Because of its critical role in tropical storm events, rainfall over sea surface has always been an important subject for remote sensing. Recently, space-borne high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been found to be a potential tool for rainfall observation. However, many interesting phenomenon of rain-wind over sea surface as revealed by SAR images are still not fully understood. This paper attempts to develop a physics-based radiative transfer model to capture the scattering behavior of rainfall over rough sea surface. Raindrop scattering and attenuation is modeled as Rayleigh spherical particle, while rain-induced rough surface is described by the Log-Gaussian ring-wave spectrum. The model is compared with empirical models and measurements.

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Section: Figure 1 Mapping and Projection Model For Rain Over Sea Surfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raindrop is modeled as Rayleigh spherical partible while the empirical D-V spectra and the empirical log-Gaussian spectra [7] are used to describe the wind/rain-impacted sea surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics-based scattering model of rainfall over sea surface

Jin

2014

2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS)

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“…However, rain has been a significant obstacle to exploiting SeaWinds data. This is because rain has two significant effects on the signal the instrument sees: (1) rain in the intervening atmosphere scatters and attenuates Ku-band radiation [1] and (2) rain impinging upon the ocean surface alters its scattering and changes the relationship between the surface wind, centimeter-scale wave field, and its scattering [2]- [8]. The aim here is to understand and quantify (2), the surface effect by modeling it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Surface Effect of Rain on Microwave Backscatter from the Ocean

Contreras

Plant

2006

2006 IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

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The effect of rain on the ocean surface alters the relationship between the surface wind vector and microwave backscatter, presenting an obstacle to wind retrieval via scatterometry. To address the effect of rain on surface backscatter we develop a physically based ocean surface wave model modified by rain. Microwave backscatter is then calculated using a multiscale scattering model. Comparisons to observations at Ku-band are used to validate and tune our surface model. Simulations give insight into backscattering surface features: ring waves result primarily from the collapse of the splash-created stalk and the impulse responsible for the generation of ring waves has a radius roughly five times the drop's radius. Comparisons also show that backscatter from stationary splash features is necessary to accurately reproduce the effect of rain at Ku-band.For Ku-band our simulations expand upon prior measurements showing that rain increases backscatter and diminishes azimuthal variations. There is however, a wind relative azimuthal signature in the backscatter for most rainfall rates. Simulations at Ka-band, C-band, and L-band without the contribution from stationary splash features show that rain-created ring waves often alter backscatter. The effects are greatest at Ka-band where they mirror changes to the very high-frequency region of the surface wave spectrum. C-band backscatter is increased at moderate and high incidence angles and is sensitive to rain-induced damping. The effect of rain on L-band is to decrease backscatter at high rain rate and it is also dependent on rain-induced damping.

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“…The ring waves are the most-studied factor among these three. Empirical log-Gaussian ring-wave spectra were derived via rain experiments [4], [24]. Corresponding scattering models were focused on the ring waves (e.g., [6]) as it is generally believed that stalks and crowns would only become dominant at low grazing angles [41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raindrops are modeled as Rayleigh spherical particles, whereas the empirical Fung-Lee spectra [17] and the empirical log-Gaussian spectra [24] are used to describe the wind-driven and rainimpacted sea surface, respectively. The major objective is to make the initial attempt toward a comprehensive scattering model of the complex system of rain, wind, and sea surface and lay the groundwork for further refining and modeling of each individual scattering mechanism.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Backscattering Model of Rainfall Over Rough Sea Surface for Synthetic Aperture Radar

Wang

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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Spaceborne high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a potential powerful tool for rainfall pattern and intensity observations over the sea surface. However, many interesting rain-related phenomena revealed by SAR images are still not fully understood due to poor theoretical modeling of the rain-wind-wave interactions. This paper attempts to develop a physics-based radiative transfer model to capture the scattering behavior of rainfall over a rough sea surface. Raindrops are modeled as Rayleigh scattering nonspherical particles, whereas the rain-induced rough surface is described by the Log-Gaussian ring-wave spectrum. The model is validated against both empirical models and measurements. A case study of collocated Envisat ASAR data and NEXRAD rain data is presented to demonstrate the performance of the newly developed model. Finally, numerical simulation results suggest that rain-related scattering becomes significant as compared with wind-related scattering when the frequency is above C-band, whereas the raindrop volumetric scattering becomes significant above X-band.

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Drop size effects on rain-generated ring-waves with a view to remote sensing applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Physics-based scattering model of rainfall over sea surface

Physics-based scattering model of rainfall over sea surface

The Surface Effect of Rain on Microwave Backscatter from the Ocean

A Backscattering Model of Rainfall Over Rough Sea Surface for Synthetic Aperture Radar

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