Droplet electrochemical study of the pH dependent redox behavior of novel ferrocenyl-carborane derivatives and its application in specific cancer cell recognition

Electrochemical identification of leukemia cells from clinical samples with a tetrathiafulvalene probe at an ITO electrode

“…After informed consent, the blood samples were collected and divided into four groups: group A was all from normal individuals; group B was from non-cancer patients, such as diabetes, hypertension; group C was from non-leukemia cancer patients, such as colon cancer, sarcoma; and group D was from leukemia patients. Leucocytes were isolated from whole blood as described early 6 .…”

“…Therefore, we explored a new type of biosensor for cell specific identification, which is based on the measurements of changes in peak potential, to avoid the influences of cell concentrations, incubation time and other environmental factors [6][7][8] . Furtherly, in order to meet the need for clinical applications, we developed a electrochemical system, which was carried out in a droplet of electrolyte, to reduce the solution volume, simplify the operations, and cut down the cost 6, 9 . Molecular probes, such as tetrathiafulvalene and carborane derivatives, have recently attracted much more attention for the sensitive molecular and cellular recognition 6,10 . It is known that TTF and its derivatives could be synthesized as strong electron-donor in electrically conducting materials 11,12 , since TTF is a 14-π-electron system and can be reversibly oxidized to the radical cation (TTF + ) and quasi-reversibly to dication (TTF 2+ ) sequentially at relatively low potential 13 (Fig.…”

“…4,5 Therefore, we explored a new type of biosensor for cell specic identication, which is based on the measurements of changes in peak potentials, to avoid the inuences of cell concentrations, incubation time and other environmental factors. [6][7][8] Furthermore, in order to meet the need for clinical applications, we developed an electrochemical system, which was carried out in a droplet of an electrolyte, to reduce the solution volume, simplify the operations, and cut down the cost. 6,9 Molecular probes, such as tetrathiafulvalene and carborane derivatives, have recently attracted much more attention for the sensitive molecular and cellular recognition.…”

“…6,9 Molecular probes, such as tetrathiafulvalene and carborane derivatives, have recently attracted much more attention for the sensitive molecular and cellular recognition. 6,10 It is known that TTF and its derivatives could be synthesized as strong electrondonors in electrically conducting materials, 11,12 since TTF is a 14-p-electron system and can be reversibly oxidized to the radical cation (TTF + ) and quasi-reversibly to the dication (TTF 2+ ) sequentially at relatively low potential 13 (Fig. 1).…”

“…Leucocytes were isolated from whole blood as described early. 6 Details of leucocyte isolation, electrochemical identication of leukemia cells with the TTF probe and data analysis are provided in the ESI. †…”